Data from: Genomic signatures of climate adaptation in bank voles

Evidence for divergent selection and adaptive variation across the
landscape can provide insight into a species’ ability to adapt to
different environments. However, despite recent advances in genomics, it
remains difficult to detect footprints of climate mediated selection in
natural populations. Here we analysed ddRAD sequencing data (21,892 SNPs)
in conjunction with geographic climate variation to search for signatures
of adaptive differentiation in twelve populations of the bank vole
(Clethrionomys glareolus) distributed across Europe. To identify
the loci subject to selection associated with climate variation, we
applied multiple genotype-environment association (GEA) methods, two
univariate and one multivariate, and controlled for the effect of
population structure. In total, we identified 213 candidate loci for
adaptation, 74 of which were located within genes. In particular, we
identified signatures of selection in candidate genes with functions
related to lipid metabolism and the immune system. Using the results of
redundancy analysis (RDA), we demonstrated that population history and
climate have joint effects on the genetic variation in the pan-European
metapopulation. Furthermore, by examining only candidate loci, we found
that annual mean temperature is an important factor shaping adaptive
genetic variation in the bank vole. By combining landscape genomic
approaches, our study sheds light on genome-wide adaptive differentiation
and the spatial distribution of variants underlying adaptive variation
influenced by local climate in bank voles.