Humoral immune responses primed by the alteration of gut microbiota were associated with galactose deficient IgA1 production in IgA nephropathy.

We focused on the immune response to fecal microbiota in IgAN patients. We analyzed the composition of fecal microbiome in IgAN patients and discovered an imbalance between GdIgA1-stimulating and mucosal IgA-degrading bacterial activities in disease.