Common Pool Resources, Rural Poverty and Inequality: A multi-country Study

Our study draws on data from about 6500 households across fifteen regions in nine low and medium-income countries covering Africa, Asia, and Latin America to estimate the contribution of CPR-based income to poverty alleviation and inequality, based on an understanding of how CPR-based income is influenced by household assets, the abundance of CPRs and institutions of resource access. Our analysis confirms that CPR-based income makes up a significant portion of the income of the rural poor. However, elite households, generally derive more monetary benefit from CPRs not only in absolute terms but also in terms of share in household income, not because of differential access to the resource but because of their differential access to complementary productive assets and the capital-intensive nature of most technologies required for increasing returns from CPRs through markets. CPRs reduce inequality only when their use is for subsistence purposes using labour-intensive methods. For this study we created a multi-country household-level dataset on household demography, income, resource tenure by pooling data from a number of existing livelihood-environment studies under Nature4SDGs project (https://www.nature4sdgs.org/). We also collated several global datasets to generate information on the social-ecological context of each settlement as close to the time period covering original data collection as possible (i.e., 2011–2015). We have used secondary data for variables such as market access, population density and resource abundance. Using these data , we created a data file named Processed_data_for_analysis.dta in STATA for analysing our research questions. Please refer to the README file for better understanding of the data.本研究依托覆盖非洲、亚洲与拉丁美洲的9个中低收入国家共15个区域的约6500户家庭数据，旨在估算基于公共财产资源（Common Property Resources, CPR）的收入对减贫与收入不平等的贡献效应，研究基于对家庭资产、公共财产资源丰度以及资源获取制度如何作用于此类收入的认知展开。本研究分析证实，公共财产资源相关收入构成了农村贫困人口收入的重要组成部分。然而，精英家庭通常从公共财产资源中获得的货币收益不仅在绝对规模上更高，在家庭收入中的占比也更为突出——这并非源于其在资源获取上的差异，而是得益于其拥有更多互补性生产资产，以及借助市场提升公共财产资源收益所需的多数技术普遍具备资本密集型属性。仅当公共财产资源被以劳动密集型方式用于自给自足用途时，方能缓解收入不平等。 本研究通过整合Nature4SDGs项目（https://www.nature4sdgs.org/）旗下多项现有生计-环境研究的数据，构建了一套涵盖家庭人口统计特征、收入状况与资源使用权的多国家庭层面数据集。本研究同时汇编了多套全球数据集，以尽可能贴合原始数据采集时段（即2011-2015年）生成各居民点的社会生态背景信息。针对市场准入、人口密度与资源丰度等变量，本研究采用了二手数据。基于上述数据，本研究使用STATA软件生成了名为Processed_data_for_analysis.dta的数据分析文件，用于解答本研究的核心问题。若需进一步了解数据集细节，请参阅README文件。