Supplementary material. Autologous iPSC-derived four-organ-chip

Supplementary material. Autologous iPSC-derived four-organ-chipMicrophysiological systems play a pivotal role in progressing towards a global paradigm shift in drug development. Here, we designed a four-organ-chip interconnecting miniaturized human intestine, liver, brain and kidney equivalents. All four organ models were pre-differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from the same healthy donor and integrated into the microphysiological system. The co-culture of the four autologous tissue models in one common medium deprived of tissue specific growth factors was successful over 14-days. Although there were no added growth factors present in the co-culture medium, the intestine, liver and neuronal model maintained defined marker expression. Only the renal model was overgrown by coexisting cells and did not further differentiate. This model platform will pave the way for autologous co-culture cross-talk assays, disease induction and subsequent drug testing.