贾红亚--俄罗斯研究--新苏联公民调查

“新苏联公民调查”有三部分，分别是：和平与安全问题（1990）、监察制度变迁（1991）、监测政治变革（1992）。 和平与安全问题（1990）：这项研究，在三个苏联加盟共和国：立陶宛，乌克兰，和俄罗斯西部的乌拉尔山脉的部分，超过1800名成年公民接受采访。问题集中在新的共和国面临的几个问题，包括紧迫的国内问题，各共和国与莫斯科之间的关系，对经济的过去和未来的方向，对前苏联各组织团体的感知，对裁军和军事服务的态度。也包括人口统计变量的受访者，如年龄，职业和收入。 监察制度变迁（1991）：在这项研究中，在三个前苏联加盟共和国的3000名成年公民进行了采访：1400名在俄罗斯，1000名在乌克兰，600名在立陶宛。受访者被要求评论的各种主题，包括支持或反对制度改革和民主改革，以及其他政治问题，对戈尔巴乔夫和其他前苏联政治官员的态度，刑事处罚，社会劳动关系，和苏联社会的其他方面。也包括一些人口统计学信息，如年龄、性别、国籍、宗教、婚姻状况、就业状况、收入、职业、党员资格等情况。 监测政治变革（1992）：这项研究在俄罗斯、立陶宛、乌克兰大约3000名公民中（包括普通群众和意见领袖或精英）进行的访谈。在普通群众（第1部分）的受访者被询问他们每天面对的问题，包括他们的生活满足情况，他们的经济地位，他们的利益，在政治上的满意度。信息聚集在他们对共产主义，警察，媒体，和俄罗斯，立陶宛和乌克兰的居民的态度。此外，受访者提供的意见关于那些组织应该处理环境，学校，就业，和国防问题，并评论了米哈伊尔戈尔巴乔夫，鲍里斯叶利钦和鲁斯兰的观点尊重保证工作。其他问题包括妇女角的作用，犯罪，立法和决策，以及国家的目标。精英受访者（第2部分）被要求对政治和社会的各个方面，包括问题和面临的挑战，他们的国家面临的问题（如公共健康和福利，犯罪，经济稳定），有良好的立法者或管理者，政治权力的地位和权力的政治人物做出评论。意见领袖还提供了他们对媒体，共产党，宗教组织，包括天主教会，政府部长和美国的感知信息。此外，这些受访的人对收入的限制，政党竞争，少数民族权利，妇女的作用做了评论。人口统计变量包括年龄，教育，性别，母语和其他语言，宗教和职业。 Problems of Peace and Security (1990)：For this study, over 1,800 adult citizens were interviewed in three Soviet republics: Lithuania, the Ukraine, and the portion of Russia west of the Ural Mountains. Questions focused on several topics facing the new republics, including pressing domestic problems, relations among republics and Moscow, feelings about the past and future directions of the economy, feelings toward various organized groups in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), and attitudes regarding disarmament and military service. Also included are demographic variables for respondents, such as age, occupation, and income. Monitoring Institutional Change (1991)：For this study, over 3,000 adult citizens were interviewed in three former Soviet republics: 1,400 in Russia, 1,000 in the Ukraine, and 600 in Lithuania. Respondents were asked to comment on various topics, including support or opposition to institutional change and democratic reform, as well as other political concerns, feelings toward Gorbachev and other former Soviet political officials, criminal punishment, community-labor relations, and other aspects of Soviet society. Demographic information was obtained on items such as age, gender, nationality, religion, marital status, employment status, income, occupation, and Communist Party membership status. Monitoring Political Change (1992)：This study consists of interviews conducted in Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine with approximately 3,000 citizens -- both in the general population and opinion leaders or elites. Respondents in the general population (Part 1) were queried concerning issues they faced on a daily basis, including their satisfaction with their lives, their economic status, and their interest in politics. Information was gathered on their attitudes toward Communism, the police, the media, and residents of Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine. In addition, respondents provided opinions concerning which organizations should deal with the environment, school, employment, and defense, and commented on the views of Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin, and Ruslan Khasbulatov with respect to guaranteed work. Other issues addressed included the role of women, crime, legislation and decision-making, and goals of the country. The elite respondents (Part 2) were asked to comment on various aspects of politics and society, including problems and challenges their state was facing (such as public health and welfare, crime, and economic stability), what qualities characterize a good legislator or administrator, and the status of political authority and levels of power for political figures. Opinion leaders also provided information on their feelings toward the media, the Communist Party, religious organizations including the Catholic Church, the ministers of government, and the United States. In addition, these respondents commented on income limitations, political party competition, minority rights, and the role of women. Demographic variables common to both sets of data include age, education, gender, native and other languages, religion, and occupation.