Human myelinated brain organoids with integrated microglia as a model for myelin repair and remyelinating therapies

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system
(CNS), are essential for the formation of myelin sheaths and pivotal for
maintaining axonal integrity and conduction. Disruption of these cells and
the myelin sheaths they produce is a hallmark of demyelinating conditions
like Multiple Sclerosis or resulting from certain drug side effects,
leading to profound neurological impairments. In this study, we created a
human brain organoid comprising neurons, astrocytes, and myelinating
oligodendrocytes. By integrating iPSC-derived microglia, we endowed the
brain assembloid with immune characteristics. Our model enabled the
investigation of demyelination and remyelination - a process in which
myelin sheaths are regenerated - in a human context. Here, we provide a
DIA proteomics dataset of two timepoints from human brain organoid samples
comprising neurons, astrocytes, and myelinating oligodendrocytes. The
dataset includes the cytosolic and nuclear fractions and biological
replicates for each timepoint (N = 3 for week 4 and N = 4 for week 10).