USINE: Semi-analytical models for Galactic cosmic-ray propagation

I present the first public releases (v3.4 and v3.5) of the usine code for cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy (https://lpsc.in2p3.fr/usine). It contains several semi-analytical propagation models previously used in the literature (leaky-box model, 2-zone 1D and 2D diffusion models) for the calculation of nuclei (Z = 1 - 30), anti-protons, and anti-deuterons. For minimisations, the geometry, transport, and source parameters of all models can be enabled as free parameters, whereas nuisance parameters are enabled on solar modulation levels, cross sections (inelastic and production), and systematics of the CR data. With a single ASCII initialisation file to configure runs, its many displays, and the speed associated to semi-analytical approaches, usine should be a useful tool for beginners, but also for experts to perform statistical analyses of high-precision cosmic-ray data.本文首次发布银河宇宙线传播所用usine代码的v3.4与v3.5公开版本（程序官网：https://lpsc.in2p3.fr/usine）。该代码包含了此前学术文献中广泛应用的多种半解析传播模型，包括漏箱模型（leaky-box model）、双区域一维（1D）与二维（2D）扩散模型，可用于计算原子序数Z=1至30的原子核、反质子以及反氘核。在统计拟合最小化流程中，所有模型的几何参数、输运参数与源参数均可设置为自由参数；而太阳调制水平、截面（涵盖非弹性截面与产生截面）以及宇宙线（CR，Cosmic Ray）数据的系统误差相关参数则被设定为干扰参数。仅需单个ASCII格式的初始化文件即可配置运行任务，搭配丰富的可视化输出功能以及半解析方法固有的高效计算速度，usine无论是对于入门学习者还是需要开展高精度宇宙线数据统计分析的专业研究者而言，都是一款极具实用价值的工具。