Ecological interactions shape the evolution of flower colour in communities across a temperate biodiversity hotspot

Processes driving the divergence of floral traits may be integral to the extraordinary richness of flowering plants and the assembly of diverse plant communities. Several models of pollinator-mediated floral evolution have been proposed; floral divergence may (i) be directly involved in driving speciation or may occur after speciation driven by (ii) drift or local adaptation in allopatry or (iii) negative interactions between species in sympatry. Here, we generate predictions for patterns of trait divergence and community assembly expected under these three models, and test these predictions in Hakea (Proteaceae), a diverse genus in the Southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot. We quantified functional richness for two key floral traits (pistil length and flower colour), as well as the phylogenetic distance between species and across communities, and compared these patterns to null models of community assembly. We estimated the statistical relationship between rates of trait evolution ...驱动花部性状分化的过程，对被子植物的极高物种丰富度以及多样植物群落的组装过程不可或缺。目前已提出多种传粉媒介介导的花部演化模型：花部性状分化可能（i）直接推动物种形成，或（ii）在异域分布（allopatry）下由遗传漂变或局部适应驱动的物种形成之后发生，亦或（iii）在同域分布（sympatry）下物种间发生负相互作用之后出现。本研究针对上述三种模型下预期出现的性状分化与群落组装模式提出预测，并在澳大利亚西南部生物多样性热点地区的物种丰富属哈克木属（Hakea，山龙眼科Proteaceae）中检验这些预测。我们量化了两项关键花部性状（花柱长度与花色）的功能丰富度（functional richness），同时量化了物种间以及群落间的系统发育距离（phylogenetic distance），并将这些观测模式与群落组装的零模型（null models）进行对比。我们估算了性状演化速率之间的统计关联……