Co-occurrence and cooperation between comammox and anammox bacteria in full scale municipal wastewater treatment system.. activated sludge metagenome

Cooperation between comammox and anammox bacteria for wastewater treatment has been recently reported in lab-scale systems including synthetic community constructs. However, there are no reports of full-scale municipal wastewater treatment systems with co-occurrence and co-operation between comammox and anammox bacteria. Here, we report intrinsic and extant kinetics as well as genome-resolved microbial community characterization of a full-scale integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) system where comammox and anammox bacteria co-occur and appear to drive nitrogen removal and loss.