SWAT模型中国大气同化驱动数据集（CMADS V1.0）(2008-2016)

CMADS V1.0(The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model Version 1.0) 版本数据集引入STMAS同化算法技术,利用数据循环嵌套、重采样,模式推算及双线性插值等多种技术手段而建立。CMADS数据集按照SWAT模型输入驱动数据格式进行了格式整理与修正,使SWAT模型可直接使用该数据集而不需要任何格式转换。CMADS系列数据集同时建立了两种格式的数据(.dbf和.txt),方便其他它模型应用人员及气象分析人员调用与分析。CMADS数据源介绍：气温、气压、比湿、风速驱动数据采用了2421个国家级自动站和业务考核的39439个区域自动站2008年1月以来地面基本气象要素逐小时观测数据以及相应时期的台站信息(台站经纬度、海拔高度),利用多重网格三维变分方法(STMAS),在NCEP/GFS背景场基础上制作地面基本要素分析场；其中,中国区域以外,只对NCEP/GFS背景数据做地形调整、变量诊断,并插值到分析格点；中国区域以内,利用STMAS算法,将经过前处理的NCEP/GFS背景数据和自动站观测融合,并与中国区域以外的数据进行拼接。降水：由多卫星与地面自动站降水融合而成。其中,中国区域以外采用NCEP-CPC制作的CMORPH卫星融合降水产品,中国区域采用CMORPH产品为背景场融合中国降水自动站观测制作的中国区域小时降水量融合产品。辐射：基于DISSORT辐射传输模型,获取来自FY2E卫星一级产品实时反演太阳短波辐射产品。主要以ISCCP资料为背景数据,利用大气辐射传输模式DISORT对FY2D/E标称图数据进行反演,计算出分析格点上的地面入射太阳总辐射辐照度。CMADSV1.0系列数据集空间覆盖整个东亚(0°N-65°N,60°E-160°E), 空间分辨率分别为CMADS V1.0版本: 1/3°,CMADS V1.1版本: 1/4°,CMADS V1.2版本: 1/8°及CMADS V1.3版本: 1/16°,以上分辨率均为逐日(CLDAS同化场基本分辨率为1/16°,保证了CMADS数据集最高分辨率达1/16°),时间尺度为2008-2016年。
本页发布的数据集为CMADSV1.0版本数据集(空间分辨率:1/3°。时间分辨率:逐日。空间覆盖范围:东亚(0°N-65°N,60°E-160°E)。提供要素:日平均2米温度,日最高\低2米温度,日累计24时降水量,日平均太阳辐射,日平均气压,日比湿度,日相对湿度,日平均10米风速,提供数据格式:dbf及txt。该驱动数据已在我国多个流域进行了驱动验证,效果表现良好。
数据集元数据介绍
CMADS--SWAT驱动数据总体存放路径说明：

数据集分为专门驱动SWAT模型的子数据驱动集与其他模型使用的数据驱动集

1)专门驱动SWAT模型的子数据集路径为：CMADS-V1.0\For-swat\

2)专门其他模型使用的子数据集路径为：CMADS-V1.0\For-other-model\

CMADS--SWAT驱动数据各子集文件路径及名说明

CMADS--SWAT驱动数据子集路径

1)CMADS的SWAT子数据驱动集(For-swat文件夹内),包含Station\与Fork\子目录。

其中Station\目录下为SWAT模型需要的所有输入数据(逐日)。以上输入数据分别位于以下目录：

Relative-Humidity-58500\ 日平均相对湿度(fraction)

Precipitation-58500\ 日累计降水量(mm)

Solar radiation-58500\ 日平均太阳辐射(MJ/m2)

Tmperature-58500\ 日最高、最低2米气温(℃)

Wind-58500\ 日平均10米风速(m/s)

CMADS--SWAT驱动数据子集命名格式

中国大气数据同化SWAT模型数据集(CMADS)的SWAT子集文件命名：

数据集代码由要素代码：R、P、S、T、W+维度格网数-经度格网数组成(经纬度网格数提取参见CMADS数据集使用手册.pdf)。

CMADS--SWAT驱动数据子集命名格式实体文件的内容描述：

数据集时间尺度：2008年－2016年间共9年数据文件

空间分辨率：1/3度

时间分辨率：逐日

要素数据存放格式：dbf

索引表存放格式：txt

CMADS--SWAT驱动数据子集索引表：

其中Fork\目录下为SWAT模型需要的所有站点索引表。以上输入数据索引表均可用以下索引表索引：

PCPFORK.txt 降水索引表

RHFORK.txt 相对湿度索引表

SORFORK.txt 太阳辐射索引表

TMPFORK.txt 温度索引表

WINDFORK.txt 风速索引表

CMADS其他模式驱动数据子集路径

CMADS的SWAT子数据驱动集(For-other-model文件夹内),包括常规模型需要的所有气象输入数据(逐日)。以上输入数据分别位于以下目录：

Atmospheric-Pressure-txt\ 日平均大气压强(hPa)

Average-Temperature-txt\ 日平均2米气温(℃)

Maximum-Temperature-txt\ 日最高2米气温(℃)

Minimum-Temperature-txt\ 日最低2米气温(℃)

Precipitation-txt\ 日累计降水(mm)

Relative-Humidity-txt\ 日平均相对湿度(fraction)

Solar-Radiation-txt\ 日平均太阳辐射(MJ/m2)

Specific-Humidity-txt\ 日平均比湿(g/kg)

Wind-txt\ 日平均10米风速(m/s)

For-other-model 子集文件命名：

CMADS_V1.0_PRS_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日平均大气压强(hPa)

CMADS_V1.0_TMP_AVG_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日平均2米气温(℃)

CMADS_V1.0_TMP_MAX_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日最高2米气温(℃)

CMADS_V1.0_TMP_MIN_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日最低2米气温(℃)

CMADS_V1.0_24h_PRE_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日 24h 累计降水(mm)

CMADS_V1.0_RHU_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日平均相对湿度(fraction)

CMADS_V1.0_SOR_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日平均太阳辐射(MJ/m 2 )

CMADS_V1.0_SHU_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日平均比湿(g/kg)

CMADS_V1.0_WIND_纬度格网数-经度格网数.txt 日平均10米风速(m/s)

数据存储信息

存储格式和读取：数据集存储格式分为SWAT子集文件(dbf文件),及其他模式数据集(txt文件)。

数据集附属说明文档:

metadata：元数据文档(CMADS_META_C.pdf)。

description：说明文档(CMADS_DOCU_C.pdf)。

数据总量：33.6GB

占用空间：35.2GB

时间范围：2008年－2016年

时间分辨率：逐日

地理范围描述：东亚

最西经度：60°E

最东经度：160°E

最北纬度：65°N

最南纬度：0°N

台站数量：58500站

空间分辨率： 1/3°×1/3°网格点

垂直范围：无

CMADS V1.0 (The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model Version 1.0) adopts the STMAS assimilation algorithm, and is established through multiple technical means including data cyclic nesting, resampling, model extrapolation and bilinear interpolation. CMADS datasets are formatted and revised in accordance with the input driving data requirements of the SWAT model, enabling direct usage without any format conversion. CMADS series datasets also provide two data formats (.dbf and .txt) to facilitate access and analysis by users of other models and meteorological analysts.

### Data Source Introduction
For the driving data of air temperature, air pressure, specific humidity and wind speed: hourly in-situ observational data of surface basic meteorological elements since January 2008 from 2421 national automatic weather stations and 39439 regional automatic weather stations under business assessment, as well as station information (station longitude, latitude and altitude) in the corresponding period, are used to produce the surface basic element analysis field based on the NCEP/GFS background field via the multi-grid three-dimensional variational method (STMAS). Outside the Chinese territory, only terrain adjustment and variable diagnosis are performed on the NCEP/GFS background data, and the data is interpolated to the analysis grid points; Within the Chinese territory, the preprocessed NCEP/GFS background data and automatic station observations are fused using the STMAS algorithm, and then spliced with data outside the Chinese territory.

Precipitation data is fused from multi-satellite and ground automatic station precipitation products. Outside the Chinese territory, the CMORPH satellite fusion precipitation product developed by NCEP-CPC is adopted; within the Chinese territory, the Chinese hourly precipitation fusion product is produced by fusing the CMORPH product as the background field with observations from Chinese precipitation automatic stations.

Solar radiation is retrieved in real time from the Level 1 products of FY2E satellite based on the DISSORT radiative transfer model. Specifically, ISCCP data is used as background data, and the DISORT atmospheric radiative transfer model is utilized to invert the nominal map data of FY2D/E, so as to calculate the ground incident total solar radiation irradiance at the analysis grid points.

The CMADS V1.0 series datasets cover the entire East Asia (0°N-65°N, 60°E-160°E), with spatial resolutions of 1/3° for CMADS V1.0, 1/4° for V1.1, 1/8° for V1.2 and 1/16° for V1.3 respectively. (The basic resolution of CLDAS assimilation field is 1/16°, ensuring the maximum resolution of CMADS datasets reaches 1/16°). The temporal scale ranges from 2008 to 2016.

The dataset released on this page is CMADS V1.0, with spatial resolution of 1/3°, temporal resolution of daily, spatial coverage of East Asia (0°N-65°N, 60°E-160°E). Provided meteorological elements include: daily average 2m temperature, daily maximum/minimum 2m temperature, daily cumulative 24-hour precipitation, daily average solar radiation, daily average air pressure, daily specific humidity, daily relative humidity, daily average 10m wind speed. The provided data formats are .dbf and .txt. This driving data has been validated in multiple basins in China with good performance.

### Dataset Metadata Introduction
#### Overall Storage Path Description of CMADS--SWAT Driving Data
The dataset is divided into two sub-datasets: the one specially designed for SWAT model driving, and the one for other models.
1) Path of the SWAT-specific sub-dataset: CMADS-V1.0For-swat
2) Path of the sub-dataset for other models: CMADS-V1.0For-other-model

#### Path and Naming Description of Each Subset of CMADS--SWAT Driving Data
##### CMADS--SWAT Driving Data Subset Path
The SWAT sub-dataset of CMADS (within the For-swat folder) contains two subdirectories: Station and Fork.
The Station directory stores all daily input data required by the SWAT model, which are located in the following directories respectively:
- Relative-Humidity-58500: daily average relative humidity (fraction)
- Precipitation-58500: daily cumulative precipitation (mm)
- Solar radiation-58500: daily average solar radiation (MJ/m²)
- Temperature-58500: daily maximum and minimum 2m air temperature (℃)
- Wind-58500: daily average 10m wind speed (m/s)

##### Naming Format of CMADS--SWAT Driving Data Subset Files
The naming of SWAT subset files for the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) follows the rule: the dataset code consists of element code: "R", "P", "S", "T", "W" + "-" + number of latitude grid points - number of longitude grid points (refer to CMADS Dataset User Manual.pdf for the extraction method of latitude and longitude grid numbers).

##### Content Description of Entity Files in the Naming Format of CMADS--SWAT Driving Data Subset
- Temporal scale: 9 years of data files from 2008 to 2016
- Spatial resolution: 1/3°
- Temporal resolution: daily
- Element data storage format: .dbf
- Index table storage format: .txt

##### Index Table of CMADS--SWAT Driving Data Subset
The Fork directory stores all station index tables required by the SWAT model. The above input data can be indexed by the following index tables:
- PCPFORK.txt: Precipitation index table
- RHFORK.txt: Relative humidity index table
- SORFORK.txt: Solar radiation index table
- TMPFORK.txt: Temperature index table
- WINDFORK.txt: Wind speed index table

#### Path of CMADS Other Model Driving Data Subset
The CMADS sub-dataset for other models (within the For-other-model folder) includes all daily meteorological input data required by conventional models, which are located in the following directories respectively:
- Atmospheric-Pressure-txt: daily average atmospheric pressure (hPa)
- Average-Temperature-txt: daily average 2m air temperature (℃)
- Maximum-Temperature-txt: daily maximum 2m air temperature (℃)
- Minimum-Temperature-txt: daily minimum 2m air temperature (℃)
- Precipitation-txt: daily cumulative precipitation (mm)
- Relative-Humidity-txt: daily average relative humidity (fraction)
- Solar-Radiation-txt: daily average solar radiation (MJ/m²)
- Specific-Humidity-txt: daily average specific humidity (g/kg)
- Wind-txt: daily average 10m wind speed (m/s)

##### Naming Format of For-other-model Subset Files
The naming convention for For-other-model subset files is:
CMADS_V1.0_PRS_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily average atmospheric pressure (hPa)
CMADS_V1.0_TMP_AVG_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily average 2m air temperature (℃)
CMADS_V1.0_TMP_MAX_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily maximum 2m air temperature (℃)
CMADS_V1.0_TMP_MIN_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily minimum 2m air temperature (℃)
CMADS_V1.0_24h_PRE_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily 24-hour cumulative precipitation (mm)
CMADS_V1.0_RHU_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily average relative humidity (fraction)
CMADS_V1.0_SOR_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily average solar radiation (MJ/m²)
CMADS_V1.0_SHU_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily average specific humidity (g/kg)
CMADS_V1.0_WIND_{latitude grid number}-{longitude grid number}.txt: daily average 10m wind speed (m/s)

#### Data Storage Information
Storage format and reading: The dataset is divided into SWAT subset files (.dbf files) and other model datasets (.txt files).

#### Supplementary Documentation of the Dataset
- metadata: Metadata document (CMADS_META_C.pdf)
- description: Instruction document (CMADS_DOCU_C.pdf)

#### Basic Statistical Information
Total data volume: 33.6 GB
Occupied storage space: 35.2 GB
Temporal range: 2008 - 2016
Temporal resolution: daily
Geographical scope description: East Asia
Westernmost longitude: 60°E
Easternmost longitude: 160°E
Northernmost latitude: 65°N
Southernmost latitude: 0°N
Number of stations: 58500 stations
Spatial resolution: 1/3° × 1/3° grid points
Vertical scope: None

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是专为SWAT水文模型设计的中国大气同化驱动数据，覆盖2008-2016年逐日气象要素，包括温度、降水、辐射等，空间分辨率为1/3°。其特点在于采用STMAS同化技术融合多源观测数据，格式可直接被SWAT模型使用，无需转换，且已在中国多个流域验证有效。