Data for: A multiplicative environmental DEA approach to measure efficiency changes in the world's major polluters

Abstract of associated article: We propose a multiplicative environmental data envelopment analysis (ME-DEA) approach to measure the performance of 46 countries that generate most of the world's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In the model, we combine economic (labour and capital), environmental (freshwater) and energy inputs with a desirable output (GDP) and three undesirable outputs (CO2, methane and nitrous oxide emissions). We rank each country according to the optimum use of its resources employing a multiplicative extension of environmental DEA models. By computing partial efficiency scores for each input and output separately, we thus identify major sources of inefficiency for all sample countries. Based on the partial efficiency scores obtained from the model, we define aggregate economic, energy and environmental efficiency indexes for 2002, 2007 and 2011, reflecting points in time before and after the official enactment of the Kyoto Protocol. We find that for most countries efficiency scores increase over this period. In addition, there exists a positive relationship between economic and environmental efficiency, although, at the same time, our results suggest that environmental efficiency cannot be realized without first reaching a certain threshold of economic efficiency. We also find support for the Paradox of Plenty, whereby an abundance of natural and energy resources results in their inefficient use.关联论文摘要：本文提出一种乘法型环境数据包络分析（Multiplicative Environmental Data Envelopment Analysis, ME-DEA）方法，用于评估全球二氧化碳（Carbon Dioxide, CO₂）排放总量占比最高的46个国家的绩效表现。在该模型中，我们将经济投入（劳动力与资本）、环境投入（淡水）与能源投入，与期望产出（国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product, GDP））以及三类非期望产出（CO₂、甲烷与一氧化二氮排放）进行整合。我们依托环境数据包络分析模型的乘法扩展形式，依据各国资源的最优利用情况对其进行排序。通过分别计算各项投入与产出的局部效率得分，我们得以识别所有样本国家低效率的主要来源。基于模型得到的局部效率得分，我们构建了2002年、2007年与2011年的综合经济、能源与环境效率指数，这三个时间点分别处于《京都议定书》正式生效前后。我们发现，在此时间段内多数国家的效率得分均有所提升。此外，经济效率与环境效率之间存在正向关联；但同时，研究结果表明，若未先达到一定阈值的经济效率水平，则无法实现环境效率。本研究还为丰裕悖论（Paradox of Plenty）提供了实证支持，即自然资源与能源资源的丰沛会导致其利用效率低下。