GroMoPo Metadata for Chaj Doab MODFLOW model

The estimation of the groundwater (GW) potential in irrigated areas is crucial for the sustainable management of water resources in order to ensure its sustainable use. This study was conducted in a selected area of the Chaj doab, Punjab, Pakistan, to quantify the impacts of the pumping and the recharge on the aquifer therein. To that end, a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and a groundwater recharge model (WetSpass) were coupled to assess the conditions of the aquifer. The model was calibrated manually on twelve-year data (2003-2014) against the observed groundwater levels, and it was validated with five-year data (2015-2019). Three main scenarios (divided into ten subscenarios) were simulated for the future prediction of the groundwater: Scenario-I (to assess the impact of the pumping if the prevailing conditions of the years from 2003 to 2019 were to continue until 2035); Scenario-II (to assess the impact of the pumping on the aquifer by increasing the pumping capacity by 25, 50, 75, and 100% for the coming 10 years); and Scenario-III (to assess the impact on the aquifer of the decrease in the average groundwater recharge from the river by 50% by following the same pumping trend). The Scenario-I results show that there would be an 18.1 m decrease in the groundwater table at the end of the year 2035. The Scenario-II results predict decreases in the water table by 2.0, 5.5, 9.8, and 14.3 m in the year 2029 as a result of increases in the pumping capacity of 25, 50, 75, and 100%, respectively. The results of Scenario-III show that, with the decrease in the recharge from the rainfall, there would be a 0.7 m decrease in the water table, and that, from open-water bodies, there would be a 2.4 m decrease in the water table. These results are very helpful for determining the recharge and discharge potential of the aquifer.灌溉区域地下水（groundwater, GW）潜力评估对于水资源可持续管理、保障水资源可持续利用至关重要。本研究选取巴基斯坦旁遮普省查杰多阿布的某一区域开展工作，旨在量化抽水与补给对该区域含水层的影响。为此，本研究耦合地下水流动模型（MODFLOW）与地下水补给模型（WetSpass），以评估含水层状态。模型以2003年至2014年共12年的实测地下水位数据完成手动校准，并基于2015年至2019年共5年的数据进行验证。本次研究共设置三类主情景（含十个子情景）以开展地下水未来预测：情景I——假设2003至2019年的现有抽水条件持续至2035年，以此评估抽水影响；情景II——在未来10年内将抽水能力分别提升25%、50%、75%与100%，以此评估其对含水层的影响；情景III——维持现有抽水趋势，将来自河流的平均地下水补给量降低50%，以此评估其对含水层的影响。情景I的结果显示，至2035年末，地下水位将下降18.1米。情景II的结果预测，当抽水能力分别提升25%、50%、75%与100%时，至2029年地下水位将分别下降2.0米、5.5米、9.8米与14.3米。情景III的结果显示，当来自降雨的补给减少时，地下水位将下降0.7米；当来自开阔水体的补给减少时，地下水位将下降2.4米。上述研究结果可为确定含水层的补给与排泄潜力提供重要参考。