Kinematics and EMG to show integration of proprioceptive and visual feedback during online control of reaching

Visual and proprioceptive feedback both contribute to optimal perceptual
decisions, but it remains unknown how these feedback signals are
integrated together or consider factors such as delays and variance during
online control. We investigated this question by having participants reach
to a target with randomly applied mechanical and/or visual disturbances.
We observed that the presence of visual feedback during a mechanical
disturbance did not increase the size of the muscle response significantly
but did decrease variance, consistent with a dynamic Bayesian integration
model (Experiment 1). In a control experiment we verified that vision had
a potent influence when mechanical and visual disturbances were both
present but opposite in sign (Experiment 2). These results highlight a
complex process for multi-sensory integration, where visual feedback has a
relatively modest influence when the limb is mechanically disturbed, but a
substantial influence when visual feedback becomes misaligned with the
limb. The dataset contains hand kinematics and EMG data recorded
during each experiment, and information of
visual/mechanical disturbances that were applied during the
experiments.