Tropical Pacific SST and wind anomalies generated by a Nonlinear Inverse Model

Tropical Pacific (40S-40N; 120E-50W) sea surface temperature (SST), zonal wind (U) and meridional wind (V) anomalies generated by the Nonlinear Inverse Model described in Martinez-Villalobos et al., 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00675-5). The data consists in 99 realizations (NLIM_output_XXX.nc) of 1,000yrs each emulating SST, U, and V monthly anomalies conditions during 1980-2020 (Monthly_obs_1980_2020.nc) given in a 2.5deg-2.5deg grid. For observations, we used the NOAA Extended Reconstruction SST v5 reanalysis (SST; Huang et al., 2017) and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (winds; Kalnay et al., 1996) The observed anomalies are calculated as described in Martinez-Villalobos et al., 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00675-5).

Given that the stochastic forcing considered is white in time and space (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00675-5; Methods, section "Offline simulation of SSH_{12}, PC2, and spatial patterns fron nonlinear inverse model output"), the spatial patterns and lead-lag relationships are better identified using composites. A modification of the methodology that allows for spatially coherent stochastic forcing will be implemented in a future article.

When using the data please cite https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10411023 (the data) and Martinez-Villalobos et al., 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00675-5; for the methodology). 

Any question, please contact Cristian Martinez-Villalobos at his email [e-mail]

References

Martinez-Villalobos, C., Dewitte, B., Garreaud, R.D. et al. Extreme coastal El Niño events are tightly linked to the development of the Pacific Meridional Modes. npj Clim Atmos Sci 7, 123 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00675-5

Huang, B. et al. Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons. Journal of Climate 30, 8179–8205 (2017).

Kalnay, E. et al. The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77, 437–471 (1996).