Data_Sheet_1_Threats and Interventions on Wellbeing in Asylum Seekers in the Netherlands: A Scoping Review.pdf

BackgroundMost asylum seekers experience stress, not only due to the reason for fleeing and their travel but also due to their compulsory stay in the asylum seeker center in the Netherlands and the asylum procedure. This often leads to self-medication and addiction which causes lower self-esteem and lower quality of life. Adverse life events, forced migration, and prolonged asylum procedures, in addition to the complexity of the acculturation process, can all contribute to higher levels of psychopathology.ObjectiveWhat are the threats to wellbeing in terms of mental health, psychosocial, and addiction problems, and what are the effective interventions for wellbeing for asylum seekers in asylum seeker centers in the Netherlands, reported in the literature?MethodFollowing the descriptive nature of the research question and the need for identifying knowledge gaps, an overview of existing knowledge was created by executing a scoping review on influencing factors on the mental health of asylum seekers. The Neuman system model was used as a guiding framework to understand the complexity of the issues this population experience and to identify the stressors and the factors which cause the imbalance and also the disease.ResultsThe literature review resulted in 26 articles that met the criteria for inclusion. The threats included the influence of staying in the environment of an asylum seekers center, drug abuse among asylum seekers, health-care professionals and employees who do not detect or underestimate the underlying suffering of asylum seekers, and frequent relocations of asylum seekers. The two assessment instruments used were the Rapid-Assessment-Response method (RAR method) and the Health Information Assessment Tool Asylum Seeker tool (HIATUS tool). Finally, the five interventions were identified: therapy for asylum seekers diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), art therapy, education focused on prevention as intervention, cultural interview, and mindspring.ConclusionThe knowledge on identifying and reducing threats, assessment, and treatment interventions for asylum seekers living in an asylum seekers center found in the literature provided perspectives on improving their wellbeing. The great diversity of cultural aspects and continuous changes in the number and origin of refugees in the Dutch asylum seekers centers disrupted the continuity of care.

背景：大多数寻求庇护者均遭受压力之苦，其成因不仅在于逃离故土及旅途中之遭遇，亦在于荷兰寻求庇护中心之强制居留及庇护程序。此状况往往导致自我药疗及成瘾，进而影响自尊心及生活质量之下降。不利生活事件、强制迁移、漫长的庇护程序，以及文化融合过程的复杂性，均可导致心理病理学水平之升高。
目标：探讨寻求庇护者在心理健康、心理社会及成瘾问题方面的福祉威胁，以及文献中报道的荷兰寻求庇护中心中针对寻求庇护者福祉的有效干预措施。
方法：遵循研究问题之描述性质及识别知识差距的需求，通过执行针对影响寻求庇护者心理健康影响因素的综述，构建了现有知识的概览。Neuman系统模型被用作指导框架，以理解该群体所面临问题之复杂性，并识别导致失衡及疾病之压力源及因素。
结果：文献综述产生了26篇符合纳入标准之文章。威胁包括居住在寻求庇护者中心环境中的影响、寻求庇护者中的药物滥用、医护人员及员工未能察觉或低估寻求庇护者潜在之痛苦，以及寻求庇护者频繁搬迁。所使用的两种评估工具为快速评估响应法（RAR方法）和健康信息评估工具——寻求庇护者工具（HIATUS工具）。最后，确定了五种干预措施：针对被诊断为创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的寻求庇护者的治疗、艺术疗法、以预防为重点的教育干预、文化访谈和心灵泉。
结论：文献中关于识别和减少寻求庇护者中心居住者面临的威胁、评估和治疗干预措施的知识，为改善其福祉提供了视角。荷兰寻求庇护中心中文化因素的多样性及难民数量和来源的持续变化，打乱了护理的连续性。