Number of GABAergic activated neurons in Control, Paradoxical sleep deprived or hypersomniac rats.

Number (mean±sem) of Fos+ and Fos-GAD neurons counted in the brainstem in PSC, PSD and PSR rats on a total of 13 sections at 600 µm intervals through the full rostro-caudal extent of the pons and medulla after Fos immunohistochemistry combined with GAD67 mRNA in situ hybridization. The values displayed are an average across 4 animals in each group of the sum of all Fos+ neurons (Fos+Total) and Fos/GAD67 double-labeled neurons (Fos+/GAD+) counted on one or several sections (column n) depending on the rostrocaudal extent of the structures. %GAD/Fos indicates the percentage of Fos+ neurons that are GABAergic. Significance values indicated for individual points are: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs PSC; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 and ###P<0.001 between PSR and PSD. Abbreviations: cDPGi, caudal part of the dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus; CGPn, central gray of the pons; CnF, cuneiform nucleus; dlPAG, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray; dmPAG, dorsomedial periaqueductal gray; dDpMe, dorsal part of the deep mesencephalic nucleus; DpMe, deep mesencephalic nucleus; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; DTg, dorsal tegmental nucleus; Gi, gigantocellular reticular nucleus; GiA, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part; GiV, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part; IP, interpeduncular nucleus; KF, Kölliker–Fuse nucleus; LC, locus coeruleus; LDTg, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; lPAG, lateral periaqueductal gray; LPB, lateral parabrachial nucleus; LPGi, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus; MnR, median raphe nucleus; PCRt, parvicellular reticular nucleus; PnC, pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part; PnO, pontine reticular nucleus, oral part; PnV, pontine reticular nucleus, ventral part; PPTg, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; rDPGi, rostral part of the dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus; RMg, raphe magnus nucleus; ROb, raphe obscurus nucleus; RPa, raphe pallidus nucleus; SLD, sublaterodorsal nucleus; SNC, substantia nigra, compact part; SNR, substantia nigra, reticular part; vlPAG, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray; VTA, ventral tegmental area.