Do latex and resin canals spur plant diversification? re-examining a classic example of escape and radiate coevolution

(1) The association between increased lineage diversification rates and the evolution of latex and resin canals is widely cited as a paradigmatic example of Ehrlich and Raven’s “escape-and-radiate” hypothesis of coevolution. However, it has been over a quarter-century since the original study, and updates to phylogenetic comparative methods, plant molecular systematics, and phenotypic data warrant a reassessment of this classic finding. (2) We gathered data on latex and resin canals across over 300 families and 1100 genera of vascular plants and conducted a multi-scale test of the association between these traits and lineage diversification rates. At a broad scale (across clades), we used sister-clade comparisons to test whether 28 canal-bearing clades had higher net diversification rates than their canal-lacking sister clades. At a finer scale (within clades), we used ancestral state reconstructions and phylogenetic models of lineage diversification rates to examine the relationship b...(1) 支系分化速率（lineage diversification rates）提升与乳汁和树脂道（latex and resin canals）演化之间的关联，被广泛引为埃利希（Ehrlich）与雷文（Raven）协同进化（coevolution）“逃逸-辐射”（escape-and-radiate）假说的经典范例。然而自该项原始研究发表以来已逾二十五年，当前系统发育比较方法（phylogenetic comparative methods）、植物分子系统学（plant molecular systematics）以及表型数据（phenotypic data）的更新发展，均要求对这一经典发现开展重新评估。(2) 我们收集了维管植物300余个科、1100余个属的乳汁与树脂道相关数据，并针对上述性状与支系分化速率之间的关联开展多尺度检验。在大尺度（跨支系）层面，我们采用姊妹支系比较分析，检验28个具乳汁/树脂道的支系是否较其无该结构的姊妹支系拥有更高的净分化速率；在更精细的尺度（支系内部）层面，我们借助祖先状态重建（ancestral state reconstructions）与支系分化速率的系统发育模型，探究二者的关联……