Management of Chronic Neglected Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia

A 45-year-old man came to the emergency department complaining of progressive shortness of breath for 10 days. He also complained of vomiting and absolute constipation for four days. He had a past history of left stab to the chest for 1.5 years. Examination revealed the patient was hemodynamically unstable, with severe respiratory distress, cyanosis, fever, and absent air entry on the left side of the chest. The patient had a chest x-ray suggestive of tension pneumothorax, however a chest computed tomography scan was suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia. An emergency left posterolateral thoracotomy was performed. There was a gangrenous perforated transverse colon inside the chest. The authors widened the diaphragmatic defect, and they performed a transthoracic transverse colectomy and reanastomosis, as well as a right iliac ileostomy. The authors repaired the diaphragmatic defect. The patient was discharged at postoperative day 30 in a good general condition. Conclusion History-taking and high index of suspicion is important for the diagnosis of neglected traumatic diaphragmatic injuries. In this case, the authors performed the repair totally transthoracically, with no need for an abdominal incision.