Mixed effects model statistics for temporal changes in aphid abundance and predator abundance with the explanatory variables insecticide treatment, flied location and the interaction of insecticide treatment and field location.

Field identity was used as a random effect. Response variables were transformed (see statistical analyses). Mean and SE are shown in Fig. 5.↑ = insecticide treated (yes) or edge is higher, ↓ = insecticide treated (yes) or edge is lower.