Land use and land cover (LULC) data of the Hola Basin in 2022

Based on remote sensing images of Gaofen–1, Gaofen–2, and Gaofen–6, the 2022 LULC data for the Hola Basin were extracted through visual interpretations, focusing on image features, such as tone, geometry, and texture. This analysis identified eight distinct periods of LULC changes to study the progression of engineering activities in the Hola Basin. LULC types were categorized into natural and engineered lands. Natural lands were further divided into forested land (forest, shrubland, sparse-land, and forest farms), grasslands (ranging from high to low coverage and bare land), and water bodies (rivers, lakes, pit-ponds, and wetlands). Engineered lands included infrastructures, such as roads (railways, highways, and mining roads) and buildings and mining areas (surface stripping mines, mine slag hills, mine-created wetlands, and mine water bodies).本数据集基于Gaofen-1、Gaofen-2及Gaofen-6卫星遥感影像，通过目视解译并聚焦色调、几何特征与纹理等影像特征，提取得到霍拉盆地2022年土地利用与土地覆盖（Land Use and Land Cover，简称LULC）数据。本次分析共识别出霍拉盆地8个显著的土地利用与土地覆盖变化阶段，用于探究该盆地工程活动的演进历程。研究将土地利用与土地覆盖类型划分为自然用地与人工工程用地两大类。自然用地进一步细分为林地（包含乔木林、灌丛、疏林与林场）、草地（涵盖高、中、低覆盖度草地及裸地）以及水体（包含河流、湖泊、坑塘与湿地）；人工工程用地包含各类基础设施，其中道路类涵盖铁路、公路与采矿专用道路，建筑与矿区类则包括露天采矿场、矿渣堆、人工矿区湿地与矿区水体。