Data from: No evidence for a trade-off between sperm length and male premating weaponry

Male ornaments and armaments that mediate success in mate acquisition and ejaculate traits influencing competitive fertilization success are under intense sexual selection. However, relative investment in these pre- and postcopulatory traits depends on the relative importance of either selection episode and on the energetic costs and fitness gains of investing in these traits. Theoretical and empirical work has improved our understanding of how precopulatory sexual traits and investments in sperm production covary in this context. It has recently also been suggested that male weapon size may trade off with sperm length as another postcopulatory sexual trait, but the theoretical framework for this suggestion remains unclear. We evaluated the relationship between precopulatory armaments and sperm length, previously reported in ungulates, in five taxa as well as meta-analytically. Within and between taxa, we found no evidence for a negative or positive relationship between sperm length and male traits that are important in male-male contest competition. It is important to consider pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection together to understand fitness, and to study investments in different reproductive traits jointly rather than separately. A trade-off between pre- and postcopulatory sexual traits may not manifest itself in sperm length but rather in sperm number or function. Particularly in large-bodied taxa such as ungulates, sperm number is more variable interspecifically and likely to be under more intense selection than sperm length. We discuss our and the previous results in this context.,Data of Primates, Ungluates, Pheasants, Stalk-eyed flies and Onthophagine dung beetlesComplete data sets of all species of Primates, Ungluates, Pheasants, Stalk-eyed flies and Onthophagine dung beetles used in this study, including data on male and female body size, testes size, male weapon size and/or sexual size dimorphism, as well as sperm length.Datafiles.zipPhylogenies of the Primates, Ungluates, Pheasants, Stalk-eyed flies and Onthophagine dung beetlesPhylogenies in NEXUS format of all species of Primates, Ungluates, Pheasants, Stalk-eyed flies and Onthophagine dung beetles used in this study. All phylogenies are based on published molecular phylogenies. Since no branch lengths were available for most phylogenies, all branch lengths are set to 1 for consistency.Phylogenies.zipReferencesReferences accompanying the data flies and phylogenies,介导配偶获得成功率的雄性装饰结构与武器装备，以及影响竞争性受精成功率的射精相关性状，均处于强烈的性选择（sexual selection）压力之下。然而，针对这些交配前性征（precopulatory sexual traits）与交配后性征（postcopulatory sexual traits）的相对投资，取决于两类选择事件的相对重要性，以及投资这些性状所需的能量成本与适合度收益。过往理论与实证研究已提升了我们对该背景下交配前性征与精子产生投资共变关系的认知。近期亦有研究提出，雄性武器尺寸可能与作为另一类交配后性征的精子长度存在权衡（trade-off）关系，但支撑该假说的理论框架仍不明确。 本研究针对此前在有蹄类动物中报道的交配前武器装备与精子长度之间的关联，分别在五个类群中开展了实证评估，并通过元分析（meta-analysis）的方式进行综合检验。在类群内部与类群之间，我们均未发现精子长度与雄性间竞争竞赛相关的雄性性状存在显著负相关或正相关关系。 若要全面理解雄性适合度，需将交配前与交配后性选择结合考量；同时对不同生殖性状的投资应开展联合研究，而非孤立分析。交配前与交配后性征之间的权衡关系，可能并不体现在精子长度上，而是反映在精子数量或功能层面。尤其在有蹄类等体型较大的类群中，精子数量的种间变异程度更高，且相较于精子长度，更可能处于更强的选择压力之下。本文就此研究背景对本研究及既往相关结果展开了讨论。 本研究的数据集涵盖灵长类、有蹄类、雉鸡、突眼蝇及嗡蜣螂族粪金龟的完整数据： 1. 数据文件压缩包（Datafiles.zip）：包含本研究涉及的所有上述类群物种的完整数据集，内容包括雌雄个体体型大小、睾丸尺寸、雄性武器尺寸及/或体型性二态性数据，以及精子长度数据。 2. 系统发育文件压缩包（Phylogenies.zip）：包含本研究涉及的所有上述类群物种的NEXUS格式系统发育树。所有系统发育树均基于已发表的分子系统发育构建；由于多数系统发育树未提供分支长度，为保证分析一致性，所有分支长度均设为1。 3. 参考文献：随数据文件与系统发育文件一同提供的配套参考文献。