Selection by parasitoid females among closely related hosts based on volatiles: Identifying relevant chemical cues

Parasitoid fitness is influenced by the ability to overcome host defense strategies and by the ability of parasitoid females to select high-quality host individuals. When females are unable to differentiate among hosts, their fitness will decrease with an increasing abundance of resistant hosts. To understand the effect of mixed host populations on female fitness, it is therefore necessary to investigate the ability of female parasitoids to select among hosts. Here, we used behavioral assays, headspace volatile collection, and electrophysiology to study the ability of Asecodes parviclava to use olfactory cues to select between a susceptible host (Galerucella calmariensis) and a resistant host (Galerucella pusilla) from a distance. Our studies show that parasitoid females have the capacity to distinguish the two hosts and that the selection behavior is acquired through experiences during earlier life stages. Further, we identified two volatiles (α-terpinolene and [E]-β-ocimene) which amo...拟寄生者（Parasitoid）的适合度受其克服寄主防御策略的能力，以及雌蜂选择高质量寄主个体的能力共同影响。当雌蜂无法区分不同寄主时，其适合度会随抗性寄主丰度的升高而下降。为明确混合寄主种群对雌蜂适合度的影响，有必要探究寄生蜂雌蜂的寄主选择能力。本研究采用行为学测定、顶空挥发物收集及电生理学实验方法，研究了Asecodes parviclava利用嗅觉线索在远距离条件下区分感性寄主（Galerucella calmariensis）与抗性寄主（Galerucella pusilla）的能力。研究结果表明，该寄生蜂雌蜂具备区分两种寄主的能力，且该选择行为可通过早期生活阶段的经历获得。此外，我们还鉴定出两种挥发物：α-萜品烯（α-terpinolene）与反式-β-罗勒烯（[E]-β-ocimene），其……