Discovery and validation of a urothelial carcinoma prediction model: a study based on urinary atypical cells and other indicators

Urinary cytology and existing urinary tumor biomarkers have limitations in the non‑invasive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Urinary atypical cells (Atyp.C) is a research‑grade parameter from the Sysmex UF‑5000 urine flow cytometer, and its diagnostic value for UC remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Atyp.C alone and combined with other urinary markers for UC, and to construct and independently validate a predictive nomogram model for assisting UC diagnosis.