RadRepro CBCT: An Open-Access CBCT Phantom Dataset for Improved Standardization and Reproducibility of Radiomics Research

Background Radiomics, the process of extracting high-dimensional quantitative features from medical images, has demonstrated significant promise in enhancing precision diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment planning. Despite its potential, one of the most critical challenges facing the field is the limited reproducibility of radiomics features. This variability is largely attributed to inconsistencies in imaging devices, acquisition protocols, and image reconstruction techniques. Methods This study presents the first open-access CBCT phantom dataset specifically curated to address reproducibility challenges in on-board imaging systems integrated with C-arm linear accelerators. CBCT images were acquired using a widely adopted Catphan phantom across multiple clinical devices from different vendors. Imaging parameters were systematically varied, including tube current (mAs), slice thickness, and reconstruction filters, to simulate realistic variability encountered in clinical workflows. The dataset is structured to allow researchers to evaluate and compare the impact of these variations on radiomics feature robustness. Findings The dataset comprises 120 CBCT image volumes collected from diverse imaging platforms, accompanied by corresponding region of interest (ROI) segmentations and radiomics features. This allows for extensive intra- and inter-vendor assessments of radiomics feature stability. The controlled setup and standardized segmentation provide a unique opportunity to benchmark radiomics workflows and test harmonization strategies. Interpretation By making this dataset publicly available, the study aims to support the radiomics research community in developing more reliable and reproducible analysis pipelines. It contributes to the ongoing efforts to standardize CBCT-based radiomics, enabling the generation of robust and generalizable models for clinical decision support in radiotherapy and beyond.