Phthalate/Bisphenol levels (standardized in ηmol/g creatinine) according to the quintiles of the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (% of total energy intake) in each cycle.

Subsample of US population aged 6 + years (NHANES 2009–2016). Legend: aMean (range) dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods per quintile: 2009–10: 1st = 27.9 (0 to 40.2); 2nd = 47.0 (40.3 to 53.3); 3rd = 59.2 (53.3 to 64.7); 4th = 70.9 (64.8 to 77.1); 5th = 86.3 (77.1 to 100). 2011–12: 1st = 28.7 (0 to 40.8); 2nd = 48.6 (40.8 to 55.6); 3rd = 61.5 (55.7 to 67.2); 4th = 73.0 (67.2 to 79.7); 5th = 89.0 (79.7 to 100). 2013–14: 1st = 27.4 (0 to 40.1); 2nd = 47.2 (40.1 to 54.1); 3rd = 59.1 (54.2 to 64.8); 4th = 71.3 (64.8 to 78.5); 5th = 87.8 (78.5 to 100). 2015–16: 1st = 24.8 (0 to 36.8); 2nd = 44.6 (36.8 to 51.6); 3rd = 57.4 (51.6 to 63.6); 4th = 69.5 (63.7 to 75.6); 5th = 86.0 (75.6 to 100). bGM = geometric mean. All analysis adjusted for cycle, sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and income, in addition to energy intake above recommended levels (y/n), BMI (underweight, normoweight, overweight, obesity), physical activity (low, medium, high) and current smoking (y/n).
(XLSX)