PhenoApp Input/Output files

With the ongoing cost decrease of genotyping and sequencing technologies, accurate and fast phenotyping remains the bottleneck in the utilizing of plant genetic resources for breeding and breeding research. Although cost-efficient high-throughput phenotyping platforms emerged during the last decades for specific traits and/or species, manual phenotyping is still predominant and a time- and money-consuming task. Approaches that improve data recording, processing or handling are pivotal steps towards an efficient usage of genetic resources and demanded by the research community. Therefore, we developed PhenoApp, an open source Android app for tablets and smartphones to facilitate the digital recording of phenotypical data in the field and greenhouse. It is a versatile tool, that offers the possibility to fully customize own descriptors/scales for any possible scenario or the usage of pre-integrated ready-to-use BBCH scales for apple, cereals, grapevine, maize, potato, rapeseed and rice. Additional BBCH scales can easily be added. Furthermore, the simple and adaptable structure of input and output files enables an easy data handling by either spreadsheet software or even the integration in the workflow of laboratory information management systems (LIMS). The embedding in international information standards such as MIAPPE or the implementation regarding FAIR data principles is feasible. PhenoApp is a decisive contribution to increase efficiency of digital data acquisition in breeding, breeding research and genebank management by accelerating the labor intensive and time-consuming acquisition of phenotyping data.随着基因分型（genotyping）与测序技术的成本持续走低，精准高效的表型鉴定（phenotyping）仍是利用植物遗传资源开展育种及育种研究的核心瓶颈。尽管近数十年来，针对特定性状或物种的低成本高通量表型鉴定平台相继问世，但人工表型鉴定仍占据主导地位，且是一项耗时耗财的工作。能够优化数据记录、处理与管理的方法，是高效利用遗传资源的关键环节，也是科研界的迫切需求。 为此，我们开发了PhenoApp——一款面向平板与智能手机的开源Android应用，旨在简化田间与温室环境下表型数据的数字化记录流程。该工具功能多样，支持针对任意应用场景完全自定义专属描述符与分级标准，也可直接使用预集成的、适用于苹果、谷类、葡萄、玉米、马铃薯、油菜及水稻的现成BBCH分级标准（BBCH scale），用户还可轻松添加额外的BBCH分级标准。 此外，该应用的输入与输出文件结构简洁且适配性强，可通过电子表格软件轻松处理数据，也能便捷集成至实验室信息管理系统（Laboratory Information Management Systems, LIMS）的工作流程中。将其嵌入MIAPPE等国际信息标准体系，或按照FAIR数据原则进行部署均具备可行性。 PhenoApp通过加速劳动密集且耗时的表型数据采集工作，为提升育种、育种研究以及种质库管理中的数字化数据采集效率提供了关键助力。