中国柽柳(TamarixchinensisLour.)种质资源收集及繁育利用技术研究 英文标题:Studies on Tamarix Chinensis Lour. Germplasm Collection and Utilization Technology

中国柽柳(TamarixchinensisLour.)在我国分布广泛，枝、叶、花具有非常高的观赏价值，耐干旱、水湿和盐碱，适应性强，有着广阔的园林应用前景。本文在调查清楚中国柽柳分布状况的基础上进行了种源收集、扦插繁育技术、苗期初选、扦插生根解剖学研究;对天津塘沽种源在南京地区生长物候进行了观测，并进行了一年生扦插苗生长特性研究以及培育模式和应用前景的探讨，主要成果如下:中国柽柳主要分布于中国和美国。在中国集中分布于在华北到西北黄河流域这一带状区域，在长江以南也广泛栽培;在美国西部大约十四个州均有分布。从山东、山西、江苏、宁夏、贵州、天津等省市收集到了十个种源的种质材料，在江苏句容建立起了种质资源圃，并制定出了建立核心种质的步骤。在扦插实验中，不同的种源间生态因子的差异与扦插生根能力无显著的相关性;插条的粗度、激素处理时间、激素处理浓度等三个因素对插条生根效果有明显的影响;扦插池和大田直接扦插的对比实验中，生根率相差不大，但综合而言，大田直接扦插更有优势性;在扦插时间上，春、夏、秋季均可利用去年生枝条进行扦插，生根率达95%左右;冬季可以在塑料薄膜覆盖的情况下利用当年生枝条扦插。经过一年的生长，初步选择出江苏连云港、山东东营、天津塘沽三个优势种源和17株优良单株。中国柽柳扦插生根为诱导生根类型，不定根的发育经过了以下三个阶段:(1)芽隙的薄壁细胞脱分化，形成根原基发端细胞;(2)根原基发端细胞不断分裂，形成有方向性的根原基;(3)根原基穿过薄壁细胞区和皮层，最后突破周皮或皮孔形成不定根，不定根内部维管系统开始分化。天津塘沽种源在南京的生长物候期为270天左右，叶绿色持续240余天，花于春夏两季开放，累计有花时间共有105天。一年生扦插苗的高生长基本符合S型生长规律，高生长期约为225天，净生长量为133.5am，地径生长期为210天，净生长量为4.5mm，主侧根都非常发达。根据其生物学特性提出了五种整形修剪模式，并相应地探讨了今后园林应用前景。

Tamarix chinensis Lour. is widely distributed in China, whose branches, leaves and flowers possess extremely high ornamental value. It is tolerant to drought, waterlogging and salt-alkali, has strong adaptability, and holds broad landscape application prospects. Based on a comprehensive investigation of the distribution status of Tamarix chinensis Lour., this study conducted seed source collection, cutting propagation technology research, seedling stage preliminary selection, and anatomical study on cutting rooting. Observations were carried out on the growth phenology of the Tianjin Tanggu seed source in Nanjing, studies on the growth characteristics of one-year-old cutting seedlings, and discussions on cultivation modes and application prospects were also performed. The main achievements are as follows:
Tamarix chinensis Lour. is mainly distributed in China and the United States. In China, it is concentrated in the strip-shaped region from North China to the Yellow River Basin in Northwest China, and is also widely cultivated south of the Yangtze River; in the United States, it is distributed in approximately 14 western states. Germplasm materials of 10 seed sources were collected from provinces and municipalities including Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Guizhou and Tianjin. A germplasm resource nursery was established in Jurong, Jiangsu Province, and the steps for establishing core germplasm were formulated. In the cutting experiments, the differences in ecological factors among different seed sources showed no significant correlation with cutting rooting capacity; three factors including cutting diameter, hormone treatment duration and hormone treatment concentration exerted significant effects on the rooting effect of cuttings. In the comparative experiment between cutting beds and direct field cuttings, the rooting rates exhibited no significant difference, but overall, direct field cuttings were more advantageous. Regarding cutting time, cuttings can be conducted using last-year-old shoots in spring, summer and autumn, with a rooting rate of approximately 95%; in winter, cuttings can be made using current-year shoots under plastic film coverage. After one year of growth, three superior seed sources (Lianyungang of Jiangsu Province, Dongying of Shandong Province, Tanggu of Tianjin Municipality) and 17 excellent individual plants were preliminarily selected. The rooting of Tamarix chinensis Lour. via cuttings belongs to the induced rooting type, and the development of adventitious roots proceeds through the following three stages: (1) Dedifferentiation of parenchyma cells in bud gaps to form root primordium initial cells; (2) Continuous division of root primordium initial cells to form directional root primordia; (3) Root primordia pass through the parenchyma zone and cortex, and finally break through the periderm or lenticels to form adventitious roots, with the vascular system inside the adventitious roots starting to differentiate. The growth phenology period of the Tianjin Tanggu seed source in Nanjing is approximately 270 days, the foliage green duration lasts more than 240 days, flowers bloom in spring and summer, with a total flowering time of 105 days. The height growth of one-year-old cutting seedlings basically conforms to the S-shaped growth pattern, with a height growth period of about 225 days and a net growth of 133.5 cm; the ground diameter growth period is 210 days, with a net growth of 4.5 mm, and both main and lateral roots are well-developed. Five pruning and shaping modes were proposed based on its biological characteristics, and the future landscape application prospects were correspondingly discussed.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦中国柽柳的种质资源收集与繁育技术研究，涵盖了从种源收集到扦插生根解剖学的全过程，并探讨了其园林应用前景。数据集提供了详细的实验数据和研究成果，适用于植物学及相关领域的研究。