In practice, there is a standardized education curriculum and a standardized qualification system for primary and secondary education, either at national or state level.

In practice, there is a standardized education curriculum and a standardized qualification system for primary and secondary education, either at national or state level.
A 100 score is earned where all the following conditions are met:
1) there is a standardized education curriculum system,
2) a standardized qualification system, and
3) these systems apply to both primary and secondary education. A 100 score is earned where these conditions are met regardless of whether the systems are at national or state level.

A 50 score is earned where any of the following conditions apply:
1) there is a standardized education curriculum system but it's not being implemented,
2) there is a standardized qualification system but it's not being implemented, and
3) only one of the systems exist or both exist but apply only to either primary or secondary education.

A 0 score is earned where there are no standardized education curriculum or qualification systems for primary and secondary education.

For variable descriptions, please refer to: https://www.africaintegrityindicators.org/data.
For the methodology, please refer to: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e971d408be44753edfb976c/t/60a55f343d36117866628867/1621450563745/AII10+-+Methodology.docx+%281%29.pdf.