Labor response to the COVID-19 crisis.

The study examines labor policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Germany, Portugal, and Romania, focusing on how state models and government ideologies shaped their approaches. By comparing a federal parliamentary system (Germany) with two unitary semi-presidential states (Portugal and Romania), the research highlights the influence of legislative mechanisms, political ideologies, and structural frameworks on policy design. Results show that Germany's federal system prioritized solid, comprehensive measures with lower frequency but higher stability, while Portugal and Romania, with more flexible legislative processes, implemented numerous short-term policies requiring frequent revisions. Ideological differences significantly influenced policy objectives, with Portugal focusing on direct worker support, and Germany and Romania emphasizing business subsidies. The findings underscore the interplay between governance structures and ideological priorities in shaping labor policy during crises. Note that original dataset is in Spanish.