ST-M and MERRA-2 dataset

Using horizontal wind data collected by the dual-frequency Stratosphere-Troposphere-Meteor radar at the Langfang Observatory, the spatiotemporal characteristics and propagation properties of planetary waves in the troposphere-stratosphere (ST) and mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) were explored, along with their interactions across different atmospheric layers. These new observations enhance our understanding of vertical coupling between the ST and MLT through planetary waves.