Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2011 - Panama

Abstract
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Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage.

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. The sample is nationally representative.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year.

The sample size in the majority of economies was 1,000 individuals.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates
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Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

摘要
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运作良好的金融体系发挥着至关重要的作用，为具有广泛需求的个人提供储蓄、信贷、支付和风险管理产品。然而，直至目前，关于金融部门的全球影响力——包括金融普惠的程度以及贫困人口、女性和青年等群体被排除在正式金融体系之外的程度——所知甚少。对于大多数经济体而言，缺乏使用不同金融服务的系统性指标。
全球金融包容性（Global Findex）数据库提供了此类指标。该数据库包含首次发布的Global Findex指标，衡量了140多个经济体成年人的储蓄、借款、支付和风险管理方式。该数据集可用于追踪全球金融包容性政策的影响，并深化对世界各地人们如何管理日常财务的深入且细腻的理解。通过识别被正式金融部门排除的人口群体，数据有助于政策制定者优先考虑改革并设计新的政策。
地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖。
分析单位
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个人。
总体范围
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目标总体是15岁及以上的非机构化平民人口。样本具有全国代表性。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]。
抽样程序
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Global Findex指标来源于Gallup, Inc.在2011年收集的调查数据，涵盖148个经济体的超过150,000名成年人，代表约97%的世界人口。自2005年以来，Gallup每年在全球范围内对成年人进行调查，采用统一的方法论，并随机选择全国代表性样本。第二次Global Findex指标收集于2014年，将于2015年发布。该指标集将在2017年再次收集。
在电话普及率低于80%或面对面访谈为惯例的经济体中，调查以面对面方式进行。抽样第一阶段是识别主要抽样单位，由家庭集群组成。主要抽样单位按人口规模、地理区域或两者结合进行分层，并通过一个或多个抽样阶段实现聚类。如果可用人口信息，样本选择基于与人口规模成比例的概率；否则，使用简单随机抽样。通过随机路线程序选择抽样家庭。除非遇到明确拒绝，否则调查员最多尝试三次对抽样家庭进行调查。如果无法在初始抽样家庭中获得访谈，则使用简单替换法。通过Kish网格在选定的家庭内随机选择受访者。
在电话普及率超过80%的经济体中，调查以电话方式进行。电话调查使用随机数字拨号或全国代表性电话号码清单进行。在手机普及率较高的选定国家，使用双重抽样框架。通过使用最新的生日或Kish网格方法实现随机受访者选择。至少在一年中的不同日期和时间进行至少三次尝试对每个家庭中的某个人进行访谈。
大多数经济体的样本量约为1,000人。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]。
研究工具
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问卷由世界银行设计，并与由金融包容领域领先的学者、实践者和政策制定者组成的技术咨询委员会共同制定。比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会和Gallup, Inc.也提供了宝贵的意见。问卷在20多个国家进行了试点，使用了焦点小组、认知访谈和现场测试。应要求，问卷可用142种语言。
仅在对发展中国家的问题中询问了保险、移动支付和贷款目的。关于微型金融机构（MFIs）的认知和使用指标不包括在公共数据集中。然而，报告在MFIs储蓄的成年人被视为拥有账户；这在综合账户指标中得到反映。
抽样误差估计
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标准误差（考虑抽样误差）的估计因国家和指标而异。对于特定国家和指标的特定标准误差，请参阅附录和Demirguc-Kunt, Asli和L. Klapper. 2012年的《衡量金融包容性：Global Findex》。政策研究工作论文6025，世界银行，华盛顿特区。