Dataset 1 for Large- and small-scale geographic structures affect genetic patterns across populations of an Alpine butterfly

Understanding factors influencing patterns of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of species is of particular importance in the current era of global climate change and habitat loss. These factors include the evolutionary history of a species as well as heterogeneity in the environment it occupies, which in turn can change across time. Most studies investigating spatio-temporal genetic patterns have focused on patterns across wide geographical areas rather than local variation, but the latter can nevertheless be important particularly in topographically complex areas. Here we consider these issues in the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) from the European Alps, using genome-wide SNPs identified through RADseq. We found strong genetic differentiation within the Alps with four genetic clusters, indicating western, central, and eastern refuges, and a strong reduction of genetic diversity from west to east. This reduction in diversity may suggest that the southwest...在当前全球气候变化与栖息地丧失的时代，解析影响物种遗传多样性格局及种群遗传结构的因素具有尤为重要的研究价值。此类影响因素既涵盖物种的演化历史，也包含其生存环境的异质性，而这类环境异质性本身亦会随时间发生动态变化。过往多数针对时空遗传格局开展的研究，多聚焦于大地理尺度下的格局特征，而非局域尺度的遗传变异；但后者的重要性不容忽视，尤其在地形复杂的区域中。本研究以分布于欧洲阿尔卑斯山区的暗铜灰蝶（Sooty Copper butterfly, Lycaena tityrus）为研究对象，借助通过限制性位点关联DNA测序（RADseq）鉴定得到的全基因组单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs），对上述问题展开探讨。研究结果显示，阿尔卑斯山区内存在显著的遗传分化，可划分为4个遗传聚类群，分别对应西部、中部与东部的冰期避难所；同时遗传多样性自西向东呈现显著的降低趋势。这种多样性降低的格局或许暗示，西南地区……