Isolation, characterization, and application of <i>Salmonella paratyphi</i> phage KM16 against <i>Salmonella paratyphi</i> biofilm
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<i>Salmonella</i> biofilm prevention and control is of great importance. This study, investigated the use of the isolated phage KM16 belonging to the family Myoviridae in the order Caudovirales. The phage genome size was 170,126<b> </b>bp. Almost all phages were adsorbed to the host within 20<b> </b>min. KM16 had a latent period of 70<b> </b>min followed by a rise period of 40<b> </b>min. Phage KM16 had the ability to lytically infect 10 out of the 12 clinical strains of <i>S. paratyphi</i> tested. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the <i>S. paratyphi</i> 16S rRNA<i>, crispr 1</i> and <i>fimA</i> genes correlated with the lytic spectrum of phage KM16. The lytic spectrum of phage KM16 correlated with <i>Salmonella</i> pili (<i>fimA</i>), and <i>Salmonella</i> pili were the recognition site for phage adsorption to the host. Phage KM16 (MOI<b> </b>=<b> </b>0.1) had a better anti-biofilm effect than kanamycin sulfate (10 ug ml<sup>−1</sup>) in high-concentration <i>Salmonella</i> cultures.
