Enhancement of Birefringence in Borophosphate Pushing Phase-Matching into the Short-Wavelength Region

Borophosphates
are very known for the short ultraviolet (UV) cutoff
edge and have become the promising UV and deep-UV functional crystals
candidates; however, tetrahedral [PO4] and [BO4] groups own weak anisotropy of polarizability and are not conducive
to large birefringence, which hinders their application in the short-wavelength
region. Improving their birefringence without compromising the band
gap is the main research objective. By introducing the excellent birefringent
functional groups, such as [B2O5], [BO2]∞ chain, [B2Ox(OH)5–x], and so forth into
borophosphates, seven borophosphates with improved birefringence were
successfully synthesized (Δn > 0.05@532
nm).
Remarkably, among them, the centimeter-sized crystal of Rb3B8PO16 with a short deep-UV cutoff edge (175
nm) and large birefringence (Δn(exp.) ∼ 0.072@589.3 nm) exhibits the shortest phase-matching wavelength
(222 nm), which makes Rb3B8PO16 a
promising UV NLO crystal, while KB6PO10(OH)4 with deep-UV cutoff edge features the largest birefringence
(Δn(exp.) ∼ 0.103@546 nm)
in the reported borophosphate system, making KB6PO10(OH)4 a promising deep-UV birefringent crystal.
This study not only provides feasible strategies for increasing the
birefringence of borophosphates but also pushes phase-matching into
the short-wavelength region.