Replication Data: Belonging to Unions Across the World: Macro and Micro Dynamics

This study examines global unionization dynamics by analyzing how macro-level contexts and individual characteristics interact. Employing multilevel models on data from 75 countries, we demonstrate that democracy’s effect on union membership operates primarily through its interactions with individual characteristics: democracy strengthens the effect of left-wing orientations on unionization while attenuating class-based disparities, enabling workers in precarious positions to narrow the membership gap with more advantaged workers. Economic integration, by contrast, depresses unionization mostly among lower-class workers—widening class-based inequalities—while narrowing ideological gaps by pushing membership down across the political spectrum. These results indicate that macro- and micro-level factors do not operate independently; rather, political and economic contexts condition how class position and ideology shape workers’ decisions to unionize. The findings refine “conflict follows capital” argument by showing that while capital mobility repositions potential sites of conflict, it is political openings that structure whether this conflict crystallizes into unionization, and for whom.本研究聚焦全球工会化发展动态，通过解析宏观层面语境与个体特征的交互机制开展分析。研究基于75个国家的数据集运用多层模型进行实证检验，结果显示：民主制度对工会会员参与率的影响主要通过与个体特征的交互作用实现——民主制度可强化左翼倾向对工会化的推动作用，同时缩小基于阶级的会员差距，使处于不稳定就业状态的劳动者能够缩小与优势阶层劳动者的会员规模鸿沟。与之形成鲜明对比的是，经济一体化主要抑制底层工人的工会化参与，进而扩大阶级间的不平等；同时又通过压低各政治光谱群体的会员规模，缩小意识形态层面的分歧。上述结果表明，宏观与微观层面的影响因素并非独立发挥作用，恰恰相反，政治与经济语境会调节阶级地位与意识形态对劳动者工会化决策的塑造路径。本研究的发现对“冲突随资本流动”（conflict follows capital）这一论点进行了细化与完善：尽管资本流动性重塑了潜在冲突的发生场域，但真正决定这类冲突能否具体化为工会化运动、以及惠及哪些群体的，却是政治开放契机。