Benthic photosynthetically active radiation (bPAR or benthic PAR) at Yongala, Myrmidon, Palm Passage and Heron Island South, April 2016 to November 2017 (NESP TWQ 2.3.1, AIMS and IMOS)

This dataset contains benthic photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; bPAR) at the Q-IMOS Myrmidon, Palm Passage and Heron Island South mooring stations from May 2016 through to November 2017.

This dataset was collected to provide in situ reference data for calibration/validation of a remote sensing ocean color model to estimate bPAR (benthic photosynthetically active radiation) as part of NESP Tropical Water Quality Hub project 2.3.1.
The mooring is maintained as part of the Queensland IMOS (Q-IMOS) mooring network, which collects oceanographic and water quality data at several stations. bPAR sensors were installed at four stations: Myrmidon (MYD), Palm Passage (PPS), Heron Island South (HIS) and Yongala (YGL).

Methods:

A WETLabs Environmental Characterization Optics (ECO) PARSB sensor was deployed and clamp-mounted to a permanent mooring wire at a fixed depth within the water column in each of three mooring sites, Myrmidon (MYD), Palm Passage (PPS), and Heron Island South (HIS). Each PAR sensor was programmed to collect 5-second blocks of data every 15 minutes. At the fourth site, Yongala (YGL), a SEABIRD SBE16PLUS V2 SEACAT profiler with PARSB auxiliary sensor “facing” upward was deployed 0.5 m above the bottom substrate.

After each period of deployment, data were downloaded and the instrument’s optical component was checked, characterized and tested to ensure the quality and validity of the data between deployments. For each recovery period, the data were analysed and quality controlled such that: (i) data records in the beginning and end of each deployment were excluded to ensure that only stable PAR measurements were included in the analysis, (ii) data points when instrument failure was experienced due to instrument’s internal battery power problems were also excluded. Night-time values were forced to zero by applying an offset based on the dark count readings of the sensor for each deployment period.

Summary of mooring stations and in situ data collection
Mooring station: YGL
Latitude: (°S) -19.302
Longitude: (°E) 147.621
Region: Shallow inshore, seasonally turbid
Nominal station Depth: 30m
Deployment start:19 Sep 2015

Mooring station: PPS
Latitude (°S): -18.308
Longitude (°E): 147.167
Region: Deep, outer shelf, clear oceanic
Nominal station Depth: 70m
Deployment start: 28 May 2016

Mooring station: MYD
Latitude (°S): -18.220
Longitude (°E): 147.344
Region: Deep, shelf edge, clear oceanic
Nominal station Depth: 192m
Deployment start: 25 May 2016

Mooring station: HIS
Latitude (°S): -23.513
Longitude (°E): 151.955
Region: Shallow inshore, intermediate
Nominal station Depth: 46m
Deployment start: 03 Apr 2016

Data Dictionary:

- bPAR: benthic photosynthetically available radiation
- bPARoffset: offset (i.e., night time dark readings) corrected bPAR values

Data Location:

This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\nesp2\2.3.1_Benthic-light

本数据集涵盖2016年5月至2017年11月期间，昆士兰海洋综合观测系统（Queensland Integrated Marine Observing System，简称Q-IMOS）的默里顿（Myrmidon）、棕榈水道（Palm Passage）以及赫伦岛南（Heron Island South）锚站的底栖光合有效辐射（photosynthetically active radiation，PAR；缩写为bPAR）数据。

本数据集的采集旨在为校准与验证用于估算bPAR的遥感海洋水色模型提供原位参考数据，相关工作属于NESP热带水质中心项目2.3.1的研究内容。

该锚站属于Q-IMOS锚定观测网络的一部分，该网络在多个站点收集海洋学与水质数据。本次研究共在4个站点部署了bPAR传感器：默里顿（代号MYD）、棕榈水道（代号PPS）、赫伦岛南（代号HIS）以及永加拉（代号YGL）。

【研究方法】
针对默里顿（MYD）、棕榈水道（PPS）与赫伦岛南（HIS）三个锚站，我们部署了WETLabs环境表征光学（Environmental Characterization Optics，ECO）PARSB传感器，并通过夹具将其固定在各站点水柱内固定深度的永久锚缆上。每台PAR传感器均被设置为每15分钟采集一段时长5秒的数据。在第四个站点永加拉（YGL），我们部署了搭载PARSB辅助传感器的SEABIRD SBE16PLUS V2 SEACAT剖面仪，将辅助传感器朝上安装，部署位置位于海底底质上方0.5米处。

每轮部署结束后，研究人员会下载采集到的数据，并对仪器的光学组件进行检查、表征与测试，以确保两次部署间隔期间的数据质量与有效性。针对每一轮回收的数据集，我们将开展数据分析与质量控制流程，具体规则如下：(i) 剔除每轮部署起始与结束阶段的数据记录，仅保留稳定的PAR观测数据用于后续分析；(ii) 剔除因仪器内部电池故障导致的无效观测点。此外，我们会基于每轮部署期间传感器的暗计数读数计算偏移量，将夜间观测值强制置零。

【锚站与原位数据采集概况】
锚站编号：YGL
纬度（南纬，°）：-19.302
经度（东经，°）：147.621
区域：近岸浅水区，季节性浑浊
标称站深：30米
部署起始时间：2015年9月19日

锚站编号：PPS
纬度（南纬，°）：-18.308
经度（东经，°）：147.167
区域：外陆架深水区，大洋清水环境
标称站深：70米
部署起始时间：2016年5月28日

锚站编号：MYD
纬度（南纬，°）：-18.220
经度（东经，°）：147.344
区域：陆架边缘深水区，大洋清水环境
标称站深：192米
部署起始时间：2016年5月25日

锚站编号：HIS
纬度（南纬，°）：-23.513
经度（东经，°）：151.955
区域：近岸浅水区，中等浑浊度
标称站深：46米
部署起始时间：2016年4月3日

【数据字典】
- bPAR：底栖光合有效辐射（benthic photosynthetically available radiation）
- bPARoffset：经偏移量（即夜间暗计数读数）校正后的bPAR数值

【数据存储位置】
本数据集归档于eAtlas永久数据仓库，路径为：data
esp22.3.1_Benthic-light