Wildfire smoke impacts the body condition and capture rates of birds in California

Despite the increased frequency with which wildfire smoke now blankets portions of world, the effects of smoke on wildlife, and birds in particular, are largely unknown. We used two decades of banding data from the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory to investigate how fine particulate matter (PM2.5) – a major component and indicator of wildfire smoke – influenced capture rates and body condition of 21 passerine or near-passerine bird species. Across all study species, we found a negative effect of acute PM2.5 exposure and a positive effect of chronic PM2.5 exposure on avian capture rates. Together, these findings are indicative of decreased bird activity or local site removal during acute periods of wildfire smoke, but increased activity or site colonization under chronic smoke conditions. Importantly, we also observed a negative relationship between chronic PM2.5 exposure and body mass change in individuals with multiple captures per season. Our results indicate that wildfire smoke lik..., We used bird banding data spanning 2000–2021 from CCFS, a bird banding station located in north San Jose, a city in the southern region of the California Bay Area. Banding data and metadata were used to create multiple variables for our analysis. For the primary analysis of capture trends, we calculated the number of unique captures of each species for each day of banding (i.e., excluding daily recaptures). For the analysis of changes in body condition, we restricted the analysis to individually marked birds that were captured at least twice between the months of July–November in at least one year. We restricted our analysis to bird species common to California and excluded migratory species that are known to generally be absent from the banding station vicinity during the months of October and November (generally, ‘peak’ fire season along the California coast). For the second analysis of changes in body mass, we began by reducing the data down to individuals that were captured at least..., , # Wildfire smoke impacts the body condition and capture rates of birds in California [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wfw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wfw) We used bird banding data spanning 2000–2021 from CCFS, a bird banding station located in north San Jose, a city in the southern region of the California Bay Area. Banding data and metadata were used to create multiple variables for our analysis. For the primary analysis of capture trends, we calculated the number of unique captures of each species for each day of banding (i.e., excluding daily recaptures). For the analysis of changes in body condition, we restricted the analysis to individually marked birds that were captured at least twice between the months of July–November in at least one year. We restricted our analysis to bird species common to California and excluded migratory species that are known to generally be absent from the banding station vicinity during the months of October and November (generally, ‘pea...尽管如今野火烟雾笼罩全球多地的频率日益攀升，但烟雾对野生动物，尤其是鸟类的影响，在很大程度上仍未可知。我们借助旧金山海湾鸟类观测站（San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory）二十年的鸟类环志（bird banding）数据，探究了细颗粒物（fine particulate matter, PM2.5）——野火烟雾的核心组成成分与表征指标——对21种雀形目或近雀形目鸟类的捕获率与身体状况的影响。 在所有研究物种中，我们发现急性PM2.5暴露对鸟类捕获率存在负面影响，而慢性PM2.5暴露则对其存在正面影响。综合来看，这些发现表明，在野火烟雾急性暴发期间，鸟类活动会减少或是局部种群出现迁出；而在长期烟雾暴露的环境下，鸟类活动会增加或是重新定居该区域。重要的是，我们还观察到，对于每季至少被捕获两次的个体而言，慢性PM2.5暴露与体重变化呈负相关关系。我们的研究结果表明，野火烟雾或可…… 我们使用了采自CCFS（位于加利福尼亚湾区南部城市圣何塞北部的鸟类环志站）2000年至2021年的鸟类环志数据。我们利用环志数据与元数据（metadata）构建了多项分析所需的变量。针对捕获趋势的核心分析中，我们计算了每个环志日各物种的唯一捕获次数（即排除当日重捕个体）。针对身体状况变化的分析，我们将研究对象限定为至少在某一年的7月至11月间被捕获两次及以上的已标记个体。我们将分析范围限定为加利福尼亚本土常见鸟类，并排除了已知在10月至11月（通常是加利福尼亚沿海的‘高发’野火季）期间不会出现在环志站周边的迁徙鸟类。针对体重变化的第二项分析，我们首先将数据筛选至至少被捕获…… # 野火烟雾对加州鸟类身体状况与捕获率的影响 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k6djh9wfw 我们使用了采自CCFS（位于加利福尼亚湾区南部城市圣何塞北部的鸟类环志站）2000年至2021年的鸟类环志数据。我们利用环志数据与元数据构建了多项分析所需的变量。针对捕获趋势的核心分析中，我们计算了每个环志日各物种的唯一捕获次数（即排除当日重捕个体）。针对身体状况变化的分析，我们将研究对象限定为至少在某一年的7月至11月间被捕获两次及以上的已标记个体。我们将分析范围限定为加利福尼亚本土常见鸟类，并排除了已知在10月至11月（通常为‘高发’野火季）期间不会出现在环志站周边的迁徙鸟类。针对体重变化的第二项分析，我们首先将数据筛选至至少被捕获……