Parameters of the models for sheep and red deer, respectively.

Root mean square error (RMS). Model size is proportional to the number of parameters in the model fitted to the data. Minimum Description Length (MDL), is the metric used to select from among competing models (i.e. it is the length of the compression of the data one achieves by using the model). Number of observations (n), number of times one records a useable measurement of an animal of a given type and sufficient number of neighbours in the stated environment. The basic functions of the models were Gaussians, wavelets (of a particular type) or tophat (sharpened/flattened Gaussians).