2015 Global Hunger Index Data

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger globally, regionally, and by country. Each year, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) calculates GHI scores in order to assess progress, or the lack thereof, in decreasing hunger. The GHI is designed to raise awareness and understanding of regional and country differences in the struggle against hunger. This year, GHI scores have been calculated using a revised and improved formula. The revision replaces child underweight, previously the sole indicator of child undernutrition, with two indicators of child undernutrition—child wasting and child stunting—which are equally weighted in the GHI calculation. The revised formula also standardizes each of the component indicators to balance their contribution to the overall index and to changes in the GHI scores over time. The 2015 GHI has been calculated for 117 countries for which data on the four component indicators are available and where measuring hunger is considered most relevant. GHI scores are not calculated for some higher income countries where the prevalence of hunger is very low. The GHI is only as current as the data for its four component indicators. This year's GHI reflects the most recent available country-level data and projections available between 2010 and 2016. It therefore reflects the hunger levels during this period rather than solely capturing conditions in 2015. The 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015 GHI scores reflect the latest revised data for the four component indicators of the GHI. Where original source data were not available, the estimates of the GHI component indicators were based on the most recent data available. The four component indicators used to calculate the GHI scores draw upon data from the following sources: 1. Undernourishment: Updated data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) were used for the 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015 GHI scores. Undernourishment data and projections for the 2015 GHI are for 2014-2016. 2. Child wasting and stunting: The child undernutrition indicators of the GHI—child wasting and child stunting—include data from the joint database of United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank, and additional data from WHO's continuously updated Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition; the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) reports; statistical tables from UNICEF; and the latest national survey data for India from UNICEF India. For the 2015 GHI, data on child wasting and child stunting are for the latest year for which data are available in the period 2010-2014. 3. Child mortality: Updated data from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation were used for the 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005, and 2015 GHI scores. For the 2015 GHI, data on child mortality are for 2013. Resources related to 2015 Global Hunger Index 2015 Global Hunger Index Web App Snapshots of Hunger in the Developing World 2015 Global Hunger Index Linked Open Data (LOD) 2015 Global Hunger Index Report全球饥饿指数（Global Hunger Index, GHI）是一套用于全面衡量并追踪全球、各区域及各国饥饿状况的专业工具。每年，国际食物政策研究所（International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI）都会计算GHI得分，以此评估全球在减少饥饿领域所取得的进展或存在的不足。GHI的设计初衷，在于提升人们对全球各区域及各国在对抗饥饿斗争中存在差异的认知与理解。 本年度GHI得分采用经修订优化后的公式计算。此次修订将此前作为儿童营养不良唯一衡量指标的儿童低体重，替换为两项儿童营养不良衡量指标——儿童消瘦症与儿童发育迟缓，二者在GHI计算中权重均等。修订后的公式还对各分项指标进行了标准化处理，以平衡其对整体指数的贡献，以及随时间推移对GHI得分变化的影响。 2015年GHI得分共覆盖117个国家，这些国家具备四项分项指标的完整数据，且其饥饿状况的衡量具备最高现实意义。部分饥饿患病率极低的高收入国家未被纳入GHI得分的计算范围。 GHI的时效性完全依赖于四项分项指标的最新可用数据。本年度GHI采用2010至2016年间可获取的最新国家级数据与预测数据编制，因此其反映的是该时段内的整体饥饿水平，而非仅局限于2015年的单一时期状况。 1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年及2015年的GHI得分，均采用了GHI四项分项指标的最新修订数据。若原始来源数据无法获取，则GHI分项指标的估算值将基于当前可获取的最新数据进行编制。 用于计算GHI得分的四项分项指标数据源自以下渠道： 1. 营养不足：针对1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年及2015年的GHI得分，采用了联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO）的更新数据。2015年GHI的营养不足数据及预测数据覆盖时段为2014-2016年。 2. 儿童消瘦症与发育迟缓：GHI的儿童营养不良衡量指标——儿童消瘦症与儿童发育迟缓——的数据来源包括联合国儿童基金会（United Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF）、世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）及世界银行的联合数据库，世界卫生组织持续更新的《儿童成长与营养不良全球数据库》，最新的《人口与健康调查（Demographic and Health Survey, DHS）》与《多指标类集调查（Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, MICS）》报告，联合国儿童基金会的官方统计表格，以及联合国儿童基金会印度办事处提供的印度最新国家级调查数据。针对2015年GHI，儿童消瘦症与发育迟缓的数据采用2010-2014年间可获取的最新年度数据。 3. 儿童死亡率：针对1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年及2015年的GHI得分，采用了联合国儿童死亡率估算机构间小组（UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation）的更新数据。2015年GHI的儿童死亡率数据覆盖时段为2013年。 与2015年全球饥饿指数相关的资源包括：2015年全球饥饿指数网络应用程序、《发展中国家饥饿状况概览》、2015年全球饥饿指数关联开放数据（Linked Open Data, LOD）以及《2015年全球饥饿指数报告》。