TIEA inhibits sigma70-dependent transcriptions, accelerates elongation speed and elevates transcription error

Bacteriophage T4 protein TIEA (previously known as RpbA) accelerates the late-gene transcription by keeping the Beta'-clamp of RNAP in an open-state during elongation, at the cost of an elevated transcriptional mutation rate. T4 therefore benefits from faster maturation and mutated structural proteins to potentially facilitate host adaption, without introducing mutations in T4 genome.