Collision Dynamics of Confined Particle Systems

The paper presents a computational study of collision dynamics in two-dimensional confined particle systems. To investigate the effects of container geometry, the authors conducted simulations across three different shapes: a square container (600×600 pixels), a rectangular container (900×400 pixels), and an elongated container (1200×300 pixels). In each case, the total area was kept constant, and the system was initialized with 10 particles having random velocities within the range of -5 to 5 pixels per time unit. Each configuration was repeated five times with different random seeds to ensure statistical reliability, resulting in 15 independent simulations for the container geometry analysis.

For analyzing particle density effects, simulations were carried out using a fixed square container of size 600×600 pixels while varying the number of particles. The densities considered were low (10 particles), medium (15 particles), and high (20 particles). All simulations used the same velocity range of -5 to 5 pixels per time unit for initial conditions. Like the previous case, each configuration was repeated five times with different seeds, leading to another set of 15 independent simulation runs focused on understanding how particle density influences collision behavior.

The effect of initial velocity distribution was explored using a fixed container size of 600×600 pixels and a constant particle count of 10. The initial velocities were sampled from three different ranges: low energy (-5 to 5), medium energy (-10 to 10), and high energy (-15 to 15) pixels per time unit. These settings were again tested across five independent trials for each range to account for variability due to random initialization, generating another 15 distinct simulations aimed at quantifying the impact of particle speed on collision rates.

Altogether, the study conducted a total of 45 independent simulations: 15 each for container geometry, particle density, and velocity distribution effects. Each dataset recorded particle-wall collisions, particle-particle collisions, and resulting velocity distributions over the course of the simulation. These systematically varied configurations enabled a robust analysis of how geometric and dynamic parameters influence the collision dynamics in confined particle systems.