Data from: Peptide sequences from the first Castoroides ohioensis skull and the utility of old museum collections for paleoproteomics

Vertebrate fossils have been collected for hundreds years and are stored in museum collections around the world. These remains provide a readily available resource to search for preserved proteins; however, the vast majority of paleoproteomic studies have focused on relatively recently collected bones with a well-known handling history. Here, we characterize proteins from the nasal turbinates of the first Castoroides ohioensis skull ever discovered. Collected in 1845, this is the oldest museum curated specimen characterized using paleoproteomic tools. Our mass spectrometry analysis detected many collagen I peptides, a peptide from hemoglobin beta, and in vivo and diagenetic post-translational modifications. Additionally, the identified collagen I sequences provide enough resolution to place C. ohioensis within Rodentia. This study illustrates the utility of archived museum specimens for both the recovery of preserved proteins and phylogenetic analyses.脊椎动物化石的采集已有数百年历史，且被全球各地的博物馆馆藏所保存。这些化石遗存为搜寻保存在其中的蛋白质提供了易得的研究资源；然而，绝大多数古蛋白质组学（paleoproteomic）研究均聚焦于采集时间较近、且经手历史明确的骨骼标本。本研究对迄今发现的第一件俄亥俄巨河狸（Castoroides ohioensis）头骨的鼻甲（nasal turbinates）组织中的蛋白质进行了表征。该标本采集于1845年，是目前利用古蛋白质组学工具完成表征的最古老博物馆馆藏标本。我们的质谱（mass spectrometry）分析检测到了多种I型胶原蛋白（collagen I）肽段、一条β-珠蛋白（hemoglobin beta）肽段，以及体内修饰与成岩作用衍生的翻译后修饰（post-translational modifications）。此外，所鉴定出的I型胶原蛋白序列具有足够的分辨率，可将俄亥俄巨河狸（C. ohioensis）归入啮齿目（Rodentia）。本研究证实了馆藏博物馆标本在保藏蛋白质提取与系统发育分析（phylogenetic analyses）两方面的应用价值。