Terrestrial land-cover type richness is positively linked to landscape-level functioning

Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have shown that local species richness promotes ecosystem functioning and stability. Whether this also applies under real-world conditions is still debated. Here, we focus on larger scales of space, time and ecological organization. We develop a quasi-experimental design in which we relate land-cover type richness as measure of landscape richness to 17-year time series of satellite-sensed functioning in 4,974 landscape plots 6.25 or 25 ha in size. We choose plots so that landscape richness is orthogonal to land cover-type composition and environmental conditions across climatic gradients. Landscape-scale productivity and temporal stability increase with landscape richness, irrespective of landscape plot size. Peak season near-infrared surface albedo, which is relevant for surface energy budgets, is higher in mixed than in single land-cover type landscapes. Effect sizes are as large as those reported from BEF-experiments, suggesting th..., In these datasets (data_250m.csv, data_500m.csv) we combine a variety of geographic information data to elucidate the relationship between land-cover type richness and landscape-level functioning (satellite-sensed proxies of productivity, phenology and albedo) in the years 2000-2016 across large environmental gradients in Central Europe (Switzerland). Data were extracted for landscapes with an area of either 250m x 250m (in data_250m.csv) or 500m x 500m (in data_500m.csv) across Switzerland, averaged for the 17 year time period and then aggregated according to land-cover type compositions and blocks of biogeographic region - altitude range combinations. Satellite-sensed proxies of productivity, phenology and albedo were derived from MODIS MOD13Q1, MOD13A1 and MCD43A3 products (Didan 2015, Schaaf & Wan 2015). Information on land-cover was derived from data provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (GEOSTAT, product name: NOAS04). Topographic data was obtained from the Swiss F..., We provide a description of the dataset column names in the data_description.txt file. For further details on data characteristics and processing, please have a look at the Methods section and the reporting summary file of the related main manuscript (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14002-7).生物多样性-生态系统功能（Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning, BEF）实验已证实，本地物种丰富度可提升生态系统功能与稳定性。然而这一结论在真实世界场景中是否依然成立，目前仍存在争议。 本研究聚焦于更大尺度的空间、时间与生态组织维度。我们构建了准实验设计，将土地覆盖类型丰富度作为景观丰富度的衡量指标，与4974个面积为6.25公顷或25公顷的景观样地的17年卫星遥感生态系统功能时间序列进行关联分析。我们选取样地时确保景观丰富度与气候梯度下的土地覆盖类型组成及环境条件相互独立。 研究发现，无论景观样地面积大小如何，景观尺度的生产力与时间稳定性均随景观丰富度的提升而增强。与单一土地覆盖类型的景观相比，混合土地覆盖景观的近红外地表反照率峰值更高，这与地表能量收支密切相关。其效应量与BEF实验中报道的数值相当，表明…… 在本数据集（data_250m.csv、data_500m.csv）中，我们整合了多种地理信息数据，以阐明2000-2016年间，中欧（瑞士）大范围环境梯度下土地覆盖类型丰富度与景观尺度生态系统功能（生产力、物候及反照率的卫星遥感替代指标）之间的关联。 数据提取覆盖瑞士全境面积为250米×250米（对应data_250m.csv）或500米×500米（对应data_500m.csv）的景观样地，对17年时间序列取平均值，随后依据土地覆盖类型组成及生物地理区域-海拔范围组合进行聚合。 生产力、物候及反照率的卫星遥感替代指标源自MODIS的MOD13Q1、MOD13A1及MCD43A3产品（Didan 2015, Schaaf & Wan 2015）。土地覆盖信息源自瑞士联邦统计署提供的数据（GEOSTAT，产品名称：NOAS04）。地形数据则获取自瑞士F…… 我们在data_description.txt文件中提供了数据集的列名说明。如需了解数据特征与处理流程的更多细节，请查阅相关主论文的方法部分与报告总结文件（DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14002-7）。