Overview of functional (A) and structural (B) brain differences reported in studies using subjective measures of personality factors.

The studies listed in the outermost left column used five factor personality inventories (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness), or similar constructs (see table footnotes). The second left column indicates the sample size. Only brain structures reported by at least two studies are listed. Note the relatively low replicability of findings. Abbreviations: OFC: orbitofrontal cortex, amyg: amygdala; CC: cingulate cortex; hipp: hippocampal formation; aFMC: anterior fronto-median cortex; PFC: prefrontal cortex; cer: cerebellum.
1Only neuroticism, extraversion, and self-consciousness were assessed.
2Only neuroticism and extraversion were assessed.
3Only neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism were assessed.
4Only neuroticism and extraversion were evaluated.
5A five-factor model of Cattel's 16 Personality Factor questionnaire was used.
6Cloniger's Three-dimensional Personality Questionnaire was used, including harm avoidance (which is conceptually related to neuroticism) and reward-dependence (which is conceptually related to extraversion).
7Only the Sensitivity to Punishment scale (which is conceptually related to neuroticism) of the Behavioral Inhibition System was used.
8Only neuroticism-subscales (anxiety, depression) were assessed.
9Only neuroticism was assessed.
10Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Approach Activation Scales were used (which is conceptually related to extraversion).