"Table 96" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（CERN-LHC）。本论文针对高能夸克与胶子演化形成喷注的碎裂（fragmentation）过程相关物理量开展测量。选取横向动量$p_ ext{T}$介于100 GeV至500 GeV之间、赝快度$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，以探究喷注的精细结构。本研究针对每个碰撞事件中前导的两个喷注里，快度更靠前的前向喷注与快度更居中的中心喷注的碎裂特性展开分析。对实验数据开展解卷（unfolding）处理，以校正探测器分辨与接收度效应。与部分子簇射（parton shower）蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）发生器的对比结果显示，现有模型能够在较宽的相空间范围内较好地描述实验数据，但二者仍存在显著差异。此外，本研究借助喷注味道份额的快度依赖性，将实验数据归因于夸克初始喷注与胶子初始喷注的贡献。本研究首次采用与模型无关的喷注标记方法（主题建模，topic modeling）开展带电粒子多重数测量，为传统上依赖模拟输入的夸克、胶子喷注甄别提供了一种极具潜力的替代方案。蒙特卡洛模拟能够较好地描述类夸克喷注的实验数据，覆盖本测量中涉及的全部喷注横向动量区间，但类胶子喷注的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。实验不确定度按类别拆分，除统计不确定度外，各相空间分箱（bins）以及各观测量之间的不确定度均视为完全相关。