Efficacy and Safety of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Vitiligo: A Systematic Review

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by melanocyte destruction, loss of pigmented melanin and resultant non-scaly white macules. Treatment modalities are aimed at controlling disease progression, and begin with topical and systemic steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, immunosuppressants, and narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy. This systematic review summarizes and identifies the treatment outcomes of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4i), an emerging therapy, for the treatment of vitiligo.