The effect of repeated, lethal sampling on wild bee abundance and diversity

1. Bee pollinators provide a critical ecosystem service to wild and agricultural plants but are reported to be declining world-wide due to anthropogenic change. Long-term data on bee abundance and diversity are scarce, and the need for additional quantitative sampling using repeatable methods has been emphasized. Recently, monitoring programmes have begun using a standardized method that employs a combination of pan traps and sweep netting, resulting in lethal sampling of bees. This standardized method can remove a large number of bees from sites during each sampling day, raising concern that the sampling itself could have a negative effect on bee populations. 2. We conducted an experiment to assess whether lethal sampling for bees using pan traps and netting affected bee abundance and diversity when done every two weeks throughout a season and over multiple years. We compared bee abundance, richness, evenness and functional group composition between sites that had been sampled every tw...1. 蜂类传粉者为野生植物与农业作物提供了至关重要的生态系统服务，但据报道，受人为活动变化影响，全球范围内蜂类种群正持续衰退。当前关于蜂类丰度与多样性的长期监测数据较为匮乏，学界亦已强调需采用可重复的标准化方法开展更多定量采样工作。近年来，相关监测项目开始采用结合彩色碗诱捕器（pan traps）与扫网采样法的标准化方案，该方案会对蜂类实施致死性采样。这类标准化采样方式在单次采样日即可从样地中移除大量蜂类，引发了学界对采样行为本身可能对蜂类种群造成负面影响的担忧。2. 本研究开展了一项对照实验，以评估在整个生长季每两周开展一次、且持续多年的前提下，使用彩色碗诱捕器与扫网法进行的蜂类致死采样是否会对蜂类丰度与多样性产生影响。我们对比了蜂类丰度、物种丰富度、物种均匀度与功能群组成，对比对象为曾每两