juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation

--- license: cc-by-4.0 pretty_name: "Mercury Crater Degradation (Kinczyk et al. 2020)" language: - en description: "Degradation classification of 3,253 Mercury impact craters (D >= 40 km) from MESSENGER imagery. 5-class degradation scale from fresh to highly degraded." task_categories: - tabular-classification tags: - space - mercury - crater - degradation - planetary-science - messenger - open-data - tabular-data - parquet size_categories: - 1K<n<10K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/mercury_crater_degradation.parquet default: true --- # Mercury Crater Degradation (Kinczyk et al. 2020) <div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="The Moon seen from Apollo 8, showing craters and surface detail" width="400"> <p><em>Credit: NASA/Apollo 8</em></p> </div> *Part of the [Planetary Science Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/planetary-science-datasets-69c2d4683bd6a66c34fb4af2) collection on Hugging Face.* A global catalog of **3,253** Mercury impact craters (diameter >= 40 km) classified by morphological degradation state using MESSENGER imagery. Each crater is assigned a degradation class from 1 (freshest) to 5 (highly degraded), providing a relative chronology of Mercury's surface. ## Dataset description Crater degradation is the primary tool for determining the relative ages of planetary surfaces where radiometric dating is unavailable. On Mercury, impact craters undergo progressive modification through subsequent impacts, seismic shaking, volcanic infilling, and regolith gardening. Fresh craters display sharp rims, prominent ejecta blankets, and well-defined interior structures, while highly degraded craters are barely distinguishable from the surrounding terrain. Kinczyk et al. (2020) developed a 5-point degradation classification scheme calibrated across Mercury's entire surface using MESSENGER's global imaging coverage. The classification correlates with established stratigraphic systems (e.g., the Kuiperian, Mansurian, and Calorian periods) and provides constraints on the cratering flux history of the innermost planet. This dataset complements the [Mercury Crater Database (Herrick et al. 2011)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-craters-herrick), which provides morphological classification of all 16,876 craters. Together, they enable studies of crater shape evolution as a function of degradation state. ## Degradation classes | Class | Description | Count | |:-----:|-------------|------:| | 0 | unclassified | 3 | | 1 | freshest (sharp rim, prominent ejecta) | 1,048 | | 2 | fresh (well-defined rim, partial ejecta) | 1,300 | | 3 | moderately degraded (subdued rim, no ejecta) | 521 | | 4 | degraded (heavily subdued rim) | 219 | | 5 | highly degraded (barely distinguishable rim) | 22 | | 6 | unknown | 140 | ## Schema | Column | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | `crater_id` | int64 | Unique crater identifier (FID) | | `longitude_deg` | float64 | Crater center longitude (degrees East) | | `latitude_deg` | float64 | Crater center latitude (degrees North) | | `diameter_km` | float64 | Crater rim-to-rim diameter (km) | | `degradation_class` | int64 | Degradation state (1=freshest to 5=highly degraded) | | `degradation_label` | string | Human-readable degradation description | | `size_class` | string | Derived: small (<50 km), medium (50-100), large (100-300), giant (>300) | ## Quick stats - **3,253** craters with degradation classification - Diameter range: 40 -- 1539 km (median 61 km) - All craters D >= 40 km on Mercury's surface ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation", split="train") df = ds.to_pandas() # Degradation class distribution import matplotlib.pyplot as plt df["degradation_class"].value_counts().sort_index().plot(kind="bar") plt.xlabel("Degradation Class") plt.ylabel("Count") plt.title("Mercury Crater Degradation Distribution") plt.show() # Size vs degradation df.boxplot(column="diameter_km", by="degradation_class") plt.ylabel("Diameter (km)") plt.title("Crater Size by Degradation Class") plt.show() # Map colored by degradation plt.scatter(df["longitude_deg"], df["latitude_deg"], c=df["degradation_class"], cmap="RdYlGn_r", s=df["diameter_km"] / 20, alpha=0.6) plt.colorbar(label="Degradation Class") plt.xlabel("Longitude (°E)") plt.ylabel("Latitude (°N)") plt.title("Mercury Craters by Degradation State") plt.show() ``` ## Data source Kinczyk, M.J., Prockter, L.M., Byrne, P.K., Susorney, H.C.M., and Chapman, C.R. (2020), *A morphological evaluation of crater degradation on Mercury: Revisiting crater classification.* Icarus, 341, 113637. [doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113637](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113637) Data: [Mendeley Data](https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/35nvbpfggx/1), CC-BY-4.0. ## Related datasets - [Mercury Craters (Herrick 2011)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-craters-herrick) — 16,876 Mercury craters with morphology - [Mars Craters (Robbins 2012)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mars-craters-robbins) — 384K+ Mars craters - [Lunar Craters (Robbins 2019)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lunar-craters-robbins) — 2M+ Moon craters - [IAU Planetary Nomenclature](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature) — Named features across all bodies ## Pipeline Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) ## Support If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo. ## Citation ```bibtex @dataset{mercury_crater_degradation, author = {Simon, Julien}, title = {Mercury Crater Degradation (Kinczyk et al. 2020)}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Hugging Face}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation}, note = {Based on Kinczyk et al. (2020) via Mendeley Data} } ``` ## License [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)license: cc-by-4.0 pretty_name: "水星陨石坑退化（Kinczyk等人，2020）" language: - en description: "基于信使号（MESSENGER）影像的3253颗水星撞击坑（直径≥40km）的退化分类，采用从新鲜到高度退化的5级退化尺度。" task_categories: - 表格分类（tabular-classification） tags: - 空间科学 - 水星 - 陨石坑 - 退化 - 行星科学 - 信使号（MESSENGER） - 开放数据 - 表格数据 - parquet size_categories: - 1K<n<10K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/mercury_crater_degradation.parquet default: true # 水星陨石坑退化（Kinczyk等人，2020） <div align="center"> <img src="banner.jpg" alt="从阿波罗8号视角拍摄的月球，展示陨石坑与表面细节" width="400"> <p><em>版权：NASA/阿波罗8号</em></p> </div> *本数据集隶属于Hugging Face平台上的[行星科学数据集合集](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/planetary-science-datasets-69c2d4683bd6a66c34fb4af2)。* 本数据集为全球范围内3253颗水星撞击坑（直径≥40km）的形态学退化状态分类目录，数据基于信使号（MESSENGER）的影像获取。每颗陨石坑被赋予1（最新鲜）至5（高度退化）的退化等级，以此为水星表面建立相对年代学框架。 ## 数据集说明 陨石坑退化状态是无法开展放射性定年的行星表面相对年龄测定的核心手段。在水星上，撞击坑会经历后续撞击、地震扰动、火山充填以及表壤耕翻作用（regolith gardening）的渐进改造。新鲜陨石坑具有清晰锐利的坑缘、显著的喷发物覆盖层以及轮廓分明的内部结构；而高度退化的陨石坑则几乎与周围地形融为一体，难以分辨。 Kinczyk等人（2020）基于信使号的全球成像覆盖数据，在水星全表面校准后建立了这套5级退化分类体系。该分类方案与已确立的地层系统（如库佩里安期、曼苏里期和卡洛里期）相匹配，可为这颗最内侧行星的撞击通量历史提供约束条件。 本数据集可作为[水星陨石坑数据库（Herrick等人，2011）](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-craters-herrick)的补充，后者收录了全部16876颗陨石坑的形态学分类。二者结合可开展陨石坑形态演化随退化状态变化的相关研究。 ## 退化等级 | 等级 | 描述 | 数量 | |:-----:|-------------|------:| | 0 | 未分类 | 3 | | 1 | 最新鲜（坑缘锐利，喷发物显著） | 1,048 | | 2 | 新鲜（坑缘轮廓清晰，喷发物部分保留） | 1,300 | | 3 | 中度退化（坑缘平缓，无喷发物） | 521 | | 4 | 退化（坑缘大幅平缓） | 219 | | 5 | 高度退化（坑缘几乎不可辨认） | 22 | | 6 | 未知 | 140 | ## 数据结构 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 描述 | |--------|------|-------------| | `crater_id` | int64 | 唯一陨石坑标识符（FID） | | `longitude_deg` | float64 | 陨石坑中心经度（东经度数） | | `latitude_deg` | float64 | 陨石坑中心纬度（北纬度数） | | `diameter_km` | float64 | 陨石坑坑缘对坑缘直径（单位：km） | | `degradation_class` | int64 | 退化状态（1=最新鲜至5=高度退化） | | `degradation_label` | string | 可读的退化状态描述文本 | | `size_class` | string | 衍生类别：小型（<50 km）、中型（50-100 km）、大型（100-300 km）、巨型（>300 km） | ## 快速统计 - **3,253** 颗带有退化分类标签的陨石坑 - 直径范围：40 -- 1539 km（中位数为61 km） - 所有陨石坑均为水星表面直径≥40km的撞击坑 ## 使用方法 python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation", split="train") df = ds.to_pandas() # Degradation class distribution import matplotlib.pyplot as plt df["degradation_class"].value_counts().sort_index().plot(kind="bar") plt.xlabel("Degradation Class") plt.ylabel("Count") plt.title("Mercury Crater Degradation Distribution") plt.show() # Size vs degradation df.boxplot(column="diameter_km", by="degradation_class") plt.ylabel("Diameter (km)") plt.title("Crater Size by Degradation Class") plt.show() # Map colored by degradation plt.scatter(df["longitude_deg"], df["latitude_deg"], c=df["degradation_class"], cmap="RdYlGn_r", s=df["diameter_km"] / 20, alpha=0.6) plt.colorbar(label="Degradation Class") plt.xlabel("Longitude (°E)") plt.ylabel("Latitude (°N)") plt.title("Mercury Craters by Degradation State") plt.show() ## 数据来源 Kinczyk, M.J., Prockter, L.M., Byrne, P.K., Susorney, H.C.M., 与 Chapman, C.R. (2020)，《水星陨石坑退化形态学评估：再探陨石坑分类》，《Icarus》，341卷，113637页。[DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113637](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113637) 数据集源文件：[Mendeley Data](https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/35nvbpfggx/1)，采用CC-BY-4.0许可协议。 ## 相关数据集 - [水星陨石坑（Herrick 2011）](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-craters-herrick) — 收录16,876颗水星陨石坑的形态学数据 - [火星陨石坑（Robbins 2012）](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mars-craters-robbins) — 收录38万颗以上火星陨石坑 - [月球陨石坑（Robbins 2019）](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lunar-craters-robbins) — 收录200万颗以上月球陨石坑 - [IAU行星命名规则](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature) — 收录所有天体上的已命名地貌特征 ## 数据流水线 源代码：[juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) ## 支持与反馈 若您认为本数据集对您的研究有所帮助，请前往[数据集页面](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation)为其点赞，并在社区标签页分享您的反馈！同时欢迎为[space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)仓库点亮⭐。 ## 引用格式 bibtex @dataset{mercury_crater_degradation, author = {Simon, Julien}, title = {Mercury Crater Degradation (Kinczyk et al. 2020)}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Hugging Face}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mercury-crater-degradation}, note = {Based on Kinczyk et al. (2020) via Mendeley Data} } ## 许可协议 [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)