Targeted-sequence of normal urothelium and tumor of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

In genomic evolution of tumorigenesis, some tissues are colonized by mutant clones with oncogenic driver mutations as precancer lesions. These mutations can lead to growth advantage in clonal expansions, and thus thought to be the one of the most important steps toward malignant tumor. The molecular features of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle invasive bladder cancer are so highly distinct that these two types of bladder cancers are thought to have different evolutionary pathways in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the genomic evolution of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer using normal urothelium and bladder tumor specimens.