Data from: Phylogenomic reconstruction of sportive lemurs (genus Lepilemur) recovered from mitogenomes with inferences for Madagascar biogeography

The family Lepilemuridae includes 26 species of sportive lemurs, most of which were recently described. The cryptic morphological differences confounded taxonomy until recent molecular studies; however, some species’ boundaries remain uncertain. To better understand the genus Lepilemur, we analyzed 35 complete mitochondrial genomes representing all recognized 26 sportive lemur taxa and estimated divergence dates. With our dataset we recovered 25 reciprocally monophyletic lineages, as well as an admixed clade containing Lepilemur mittermeieri and Lepilemur dorsalis. Using modern distribution data, an ancestral area reconstruction and an ecological vicariance analysis were performed to trace the history of diversification and to test biogeographic hypotheses. We estimated the initial split between the eastern and western Lepilemur clades to have occurred in the Miocene. Divergence of most species occurred from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene. The biogeographic patterns recovered in this study were better addressed with a combinatorial approach including climate, watersheds, and rivers. Generally, current climate and watershed hypotheses performed better for western and eastern clades, while speciation of northern clades was not adequately supported using the ecological factors incorporated in this study. Thus, multiple mechanisms likely contributed to the speciation and distribution patterns in Lepilemur.鼬狐猴科（Lepilemuridae）包含26种鼬狐猴，其中绝大多数为近年正式发表定名的物种。其隐蔽的形态差异曾长期困扰分类学研究，直至近年分子研究取得突破；但目前仍有部分物种的分类界限尚未明确。为深入解析鼬狐猴属（Lepilemur）的演化关系，本研究分析了覆盖全部26个已确认鼬狐猴类群的35条完整线粒体基因组（mitochondrial genome），并估算了各支系的分化时间。基于本数据集，我们共恢复出25个互为单系的演化支，以及一个包含米氏鼬狐猴（Lepilemur mittermeieri）和背毛鼬狐猴（Lepilemur dorsalis）的混杂演化支。结合现代分布数据，我们开展了祖先区域重建（ancestral area reconstruction）与生态替代分析（ecological vicariance analysis），以追溯该类群的多样化演化历史并验证相关生物地理学假说。经估算，东西部鼬狐猴演化支的初始分化发生于中新世时期，多数物种的分化事件则集中于上新世至更新世时段。本研究揭示的生物地理格局需结合气候、流域与河流等多因素的组合分析方能得到更合理的阐释。总体而言，当前气候与流域假说对东西部演化支的解释效果更佳，而北部演化支的物种形成过程未能通过本研究纳入的生态因素得到充分验证。由此可见，多种演化机制共同塑造了鼬狐猴属的物种形成与分布格局。